{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:16:06Z","timestamp":1790385366926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H00536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H00536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation","award":["16gm1010003h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16gm1010003h0001"]}]},{"name":"Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation","award":["21ek0109556h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ek0109556h0001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008880","name":"Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013489","name":"Yakult Bio-Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Keio University Medical Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) involves immunological, genetic and environmental factors. Through its ability to sense environmental stimuli, the autonomic nervous system plays a key role in the development and persistence of IBDs. The vagus nerve (VN), which contains sensory and motor neurons, travels throughout the body to innervate the gut and other visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Recent studies show that the VN has anti-inflammatory effects via the release of acetylcholine, in what is known as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP). In the gut immune system, the CAIP is proposed to be activated directly by signals from the gut and indirectly by signals from the liver, which receives gut-derived bioactive substances via the portal vein and senses the status of the gut. The gut\u2013brain axis and liver\u2013brain\u2013gut reflex arc regulate a wide variety of peripheral immune cells to maintain homeostasis in the gut. Therefore, targeting the neural reflex by methods such as VN stimulation is now under investigation for suppressing intestinal inflammation associated with IBDs. In this review, we describe the role of the VN in the regulation of intestinal immunity, and we discuss novel therapeutic approaches for IBDs that target neuroimmune interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T19:47:58Z","timestamp":1625687278000},"page":"97-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Vagus nerve-mediated intestinal immune regulation: therapeutic implications of inflammatory bowel diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Mikami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kiyohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Taniki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Teratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 , Japan"},{"name":"AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development , Tokyo 100-0004 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.3.190","article-title":"Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in ulcerative colitis in remission","volume":"24","author":"Isgar","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200750024191","article-title":"Detection of colorectal tumor and inflammatory bowel disease during follow-up of patients with initial diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Garc\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01980.x","article-title":"The Manitoba IBD cohort study: a population-based study of the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month anxiety and mood disorders","volume":"103","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.08.032","article-title":"Association between depressive symptoms and incidence of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis: results from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study","volume":"11","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00385-2","article-title":"Disorders of the enteric nervous system - a holistic view","volume":"18","author":"Niesler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317182","article-title":"Depression increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, which may be mitigated by the use of antidepressants in the treatment of depression","volume":"68","author":"Frolkis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194839","article-title":"The impact of depression and antidepressant usage on primary biliary cholangitis clinical outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Shaheen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4477","article-title":"Neural regulation of immunity: molecular mechanisms and clinical translation","volume":"20","author":"Pavlov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.027","article-title":"The central nervous system and the gut microbiome","volume":"167","author":"Sharon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042718-041812","article-title":"Neuro-immune cell units: a new paradigm in physiology","volume":"37","author":"Godinho-Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2025-2","article-title":"Pathway paradigms revealed from the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"578","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14182","article-title":"Vagal mechanisms as neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of metabolic disease","volume":"1454","author":"Berthoud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0","article-title":"Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system","volume":"85","author":"Berthoud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229","article-title":"Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"de Jonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03458-2","article-title":"The neuroscience of sugars in taste, gut-reward, feeding circuits, and obesity","volume":"77","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665.e23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.018","article-title":"A neural circuit for gut-induced reward","volume":"175","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12611","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: a new promising therapeutic tool in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"282","author":"Bonaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.047","article-title":"Enteric neuronal density contributes to the severity of intestinal inflammation","volume":"141","author":"Margolis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304676","article-title":"A distinct vagal anti-inflammatory pathway modulates intestinal muscularis resident macrophages independent of the spleen","volume":"63","author":"Matteoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.52","article-title":"Central cholinergic activation of a vagus nerve-to-spleen circuit alleviates experimental colitis","volume":"7","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin","volume":"405","author":"Borovikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01252.x","article-title":"The vagus nerve as a modulator of intestinal inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Van Der Zanden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.046","article-title":"The vagus nerve in appetite regulation, mood, and intestinal inflammation","volume":"152","author":"Browning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation","volume":"421","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985","article-title":"Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit","volume":"334","author":"Rosas-Ballina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003722","article-title":"\u03b17-cholinergic receptor mediates vagal induction of splenic norepinephrine","volume":"186","author":"Vida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008213117","article-title":"Identification of a brainstem locus that inhibits tumor necrosis factor","volume":"117","author":"Kressel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.041","article-title":"Neuro-immune interactions at barrier surfaces","volume":"165","author":"Veiga-Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0247-z","article-title":"Neuroimmune circuits in inter-organ communication","volume":"20","author":"Huh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.05.005","article-title":"Neuronal regulation of immunity in the skin and lungs","volume":"42","author":"Blake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3365","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells\u2013a proposal for uniform nomenclature","volume":"13","author":"Spits","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075053","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells: emerging insights in development, lineage relationships, and function","volume":"30","author":"Spits","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.05.013","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells: diversity, plasticity, and unique functions in immunity","volume":"48","author":"Colonna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0282-9","article-title":"Plasticity of innate lymphoid cell subsets","volume":"20","author":"Bal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13202","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13202","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist attenuates ILC2-dependent airway hyperreactivity","volume":"7","author":"Galle-Treger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598165","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.598165","article-title":"A selective \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, PNU-282987, attenuates ILC2s activation and alternaria-induced airway inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":":eabd0359","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd0359","article-title":"Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":":eabe3218","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe3218","article-title":"The ChAT-acetylcholine pathway promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses and anti-helminth immunity","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23676","article-title":"The neuropeptide neuromedin U stimulates innate lymphoid cells and type 2 inflammation","volume":"549","author":"Klose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24029","article-title":"The neuropeptide NMU amplifies ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation","volume":"549","author":"Wallrapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.10.013","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of cholinergic up-regulation: a new role for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"50","author":"Nizri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902212","article-title":"Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory system by nicotine attenuates neuroinflammation via suppression of Th1 and Th17 responses","volume":"183","author":"Nizri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.005","article-title":"The role of nicotinic receptors in B-lymphocyte development and activation","volume":"80","author":"Skok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002711","article-title":"Cytokine-induced alterations of \u03b17 nicotinic receptor in colonic CD4 T cells mediate dichotomous response to nicotine in murine models of Th1\/Th17- versus Th2-mediated colitis","volume":"187","author":"Galitovskiy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12526","article-title":"Type 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophil homeostasis","volume":"502","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0753-y","article-title":"Basophils prime group 2 innate lymphoid cells for neuropeptide-mediated inhibition","volume":"21","author":"Inclan-Rico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.009","article-title":"Neuropeptide CGRP limits Group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses and constrains Type 2 inflammation","volume":"51","author":"Nagashima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.005","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide negatively regulates alarmin-driven type 2 innate lymphoid cell responses","volume":"51","author":"Wallrapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.004","article-title":"Transcriptional atlas of intestinal immune cells reveals that neuropeptide \u03b1-CGRP modulates Group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12706","article-title":"The group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) regulatory network and its underlying mechanisms","volume":"286","author":"Kabata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124609","article-title":"Neuro-immune crosstalk and allergic inflammation","volume":"129","author":"Kabata","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.023","article-title":"Neuro-immune interactions drive tissue programming in intestinal macrophages","volume":"164","author":"Gabanyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64.e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.002","article-title":"Adrenergic signaling in muscularis macrophages limits infection-induced neuronal loss","volume":"180","author":"Matheis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33.e22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.014","article-title":"Gut-innervating nociceptor neurons regulate Peyer\u2019s patch microfold cells and SFB levels to mediate Salmonella host defense","volume":"180","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50.e12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.004","article-title":"Enteric nervous system-derived IL-18 orchestrates mucosal barrier immunity","volume":"180","author":"Jarret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.021","article-title":"Th17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Littman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18848","article-title":"The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease","volume":"535","author":"Honda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00732-9","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of T helper cells and intestinal pathogenicity","volume":"41","author":"Hagihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2015.1022148","article-title":"Prenatal restraint stress decreases the expression of alpha-7 nicotinic receptor in the brain of adult rat offspring","volume":"18","author":"Baier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8734","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0931-10.2010","article-title":"Endogenous signaling through alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors promotes maturation and integration of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus","volume":"30","author":"Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.272054","article-title":"Research tool: validation of floxed \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor conditional knockout mice using in vitro and in vivo approaches","volume":"592","author":"Hernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021706","article-title":"Roles of nicotine in the development of intracranial aneurysm rupture","volume":"49","author":"Kamio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00062","article-title":"Vagotomy affects the development of oral tolerance and increases susceptibility to develop colitis independently of the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor","volume":"22","author":"Di Giovangiulio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90904.2008","article-title":"Loss of vagal anti-inflammatory effect: in vivo visualization and adoptive transfer","volume":"297","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.008","article-title":"Mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of neuro-immune communication","volume":"46","author":"Chavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G202","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00097.2015","article-title":"Neuroenteric axis modulates the balance of regulatory T cells and T-helper 17 cells in the mesenteric lymph node following trauma\/hemorrhagic shock","volume":"309","author":"Morishita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.02.002","article-title":"Interleukin-6 produced by enteric neurons regulates the number and phenotype of microbe-responsive regulatory T cells in the gut","volume":"54","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01027-9","article-title":"Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alleviates inflammatory bowel disease through induction of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K-mediated autophagy","volume":"42","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11324","article-title":"Combined administration of SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 and the \u03b17nAChR agonist PNU282987 protect mice against DSS-induced colitis","volume":"22","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109272","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109272","article-title":"Central muscarinic cholinergic activation alters interaction between splenic dendritic cell and CD4+CD25-T cells in experimental colitis","volume":"9","author":"Munyaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.06.011","article-title":"Brain acetylcholinesterase activity controls systemic cytokine levels through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway","volume":"23","author":"Pavlov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2425-3","article-title":"The liver-brain-gut neural arc maintains the Treg cell niche in the gut","volume":"585","author":"Teratani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250ra115","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009569","article-title":"Denervation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.11.005","article-title":"Nerve growth factor promotes gastric tumorigenesis through aberrant cholinergic signaling","volume":"31","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)70019-T","article-title":"Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"100","author":"Olsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084619","article-title":"Macrophages and dendritic cells emerge in the liver during intestinal inflammation and predispose the liver to inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Mikami","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0135","article-title":"A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria","volume":"350","author":"Spadoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.022","article-title":"Commensal Lactobacillus controls immune tolerance during acute liver injury in mice","volume":"21","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":":e91980","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.91980","article-title":"Intestinal barrier regulates immune responses in the liver via IL-10-producing macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Taniki","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.005","article-title":"Microbiota-driven gut vascular barrier disruption is a prerequisite for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development","volume":"71","author":"Mouries","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15715","article-title":"Vagotomy and subsequent risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide register-based matched cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23430","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023430","article-title":"Heart rate variability and inflammatory bowel disease in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.08.016","article-title":"The vagus nerve: a tonic inhibitory influence associated with inflammatory bowel disease in a murine model","volume":"131","author":"Ghia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G711","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00240.2007","article-title":"The protective effect of the vagus nerve in a murine model of chronic relapsing colitis","volume":"293","author":"Ghia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G560","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2007","article-title":"Vagus nerve integrity and experimental colitis","volume":"293","author":"Ghia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.09.002","article-title":"Activation in vagal afferents and central autonomic pathways: early responses to intestinal infection with Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"19","author":"Goehler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2876","article-title":"The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain","volume":"10","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1644-y","article-title":"The microbiota regulate neuronal function and fear extinction learning","volume":"574","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031","article-title":"Genetic identification of vagal sensory neurons that control feeding","volume":"179","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2474-7","article-title":"Microbiota modulate sympathetic neurons via a gut-brain circuit","volume":"583","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00418","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of abdominal vagus nerve stimulation on experimental intestinal inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01197-1","article-title":"Postoperative ileus is maintained by intestinal immune infiltrates that activate inhibitory neural pathways in mice","volume":"125","author":"de Jonge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12792","article-title":"Chronic vagus nerve stimulation in Crohn\u2019s disease: a 6-month follow-up pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Bonaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.02.127","article-title":"Electroencephalographic correlates of low-frequency vagus nerve stimulation therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Kibleur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05852.x","article-title":"Effects of vagal stimulation on experimentally induced seizures in rats","volume":"31","author":"Woodbury","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0096","first-page":"612","article-title":"Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Sacks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":":e13163","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13163","article-title":"Neuronal control of experimental colitis occurs via sympathetic intestinal innervation","volume":"30","author":"Willemze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.08.188","article-title":"Functional circuitry of neuro-immune communication in the mesenteric lymph node and spleen","volume":"82","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.007","article-title":"Optogenetic activation of local colonic sympathetic innervations attenuates colitis by limiting immune cell extravasation","volume":"54","author":"Schiller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30930-3","article-title":"Anti-MAdCAM antibody (PF-00547659) for ulcerative colitis (TURANDOT): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Vermeire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022062915330924500_CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243005","article-title":"Beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling in CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells enhances their suppressive function in a PKA-dependent manner","volume":"43","author":"Guereschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"}],"container-title":["International Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/intimm\/dxab039\/40005539\/dxab039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/article-pdf\/34\/2\/97\/44282063\/dxab039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/article-pdf\/34\/2\/97\/44282063\/dxab039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T15:39:50Z","timestamp":1656517190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/article\/34\/2\/97\/6317710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intimm\/dxab039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]}}}