{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:04:30Z","timestamp":1772456670751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K07071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K07071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells promote B cell differentiation and antibody production in the B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. Tfh cells express their signature transcription factor BCL6, interleukin (IL)-21, and surface molecules including inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5). Migration of Tfh cells to B cell follicles largely depends on the CXCR5 expression induced by interactions with antigen-presenting dendritic cells in the T cell area. How Tfh cells acquire sufficient levels of CXCR5 expression, however, has remained unclear. Using our in vitro culture system to generate CXCR5low Tfh-like cells from naive CD4+ T cells with IL-6 in the absence of other cell types, we found that the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, markedly enhanced CXCR5 expression after the release from persistent T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. CH-223191, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, further enhanced CXCR5 expression. IL-12 but not IL-4, in place of IL-6, also supported calcitriol to enhance CXCR5 expression even before the release from TCR stimulation, whereas the cell viability sharply decreased after the release. The Tfh-like cells generated with IL-6 and calcitriol exhibited chemotaxis toward C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), expressed IL-21, and helped B cells to produce IgG antibodies in vitro more efficiently than Tfh-like cells generated without added calcitriol. Calcitriol injections into antigen-primed mice increased the proportion of CXCR5+PD-1+CD4+ cells in their lymphoid organs, and enhanced T cell entry into B cell follicles. These results suggest that calcitriol promotes CXCR5 expression in developing Tfh cells and regulates their functional differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxae045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T11:24:48Z","timestamp":1722857088000},"page":"53-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) promotes CXCR5 expression during follicular helper T cell differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Iwata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, TWIns , 2-2 Wakamatsucho , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Waseda University, TWIns , 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Waseda University, TWIns , 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns , 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etsuro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, TWIns , 2-2 Wakamatsucho , Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, Waseda University, TWIns , 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 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