{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:56:48Z","timestamp":1784037408333,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012045","name":"Kawano Masanori Memorial Public Interest Incorporated Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID-19- K027083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19- K027083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), represents a major global health challenge, with its underlying mechanisms remaining poorly understood despite substantial research and clinical trials. This study investigates the role of the interferon (IFN) axis in the pathogenesis of PASC, drawing parallels to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The potential pathogenic role of IFNs was detected by meta-analyses of mRNA sequencing data comparing PASC patients to healthy controls. We analyzed serum samples from 39 PASC patients and found significant correlations among multiple IFN sub types, including IFN alpha-2, beta, gamma, lambda-1, and lambda-2\/3. The biological activity of IFNs in the serum was positively correlated with levels of both total and type III IFNs. Notably, we detected the widespread presence of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies in these patients, with anti-dsDNA levels showing a strong correlation with IFN activity. On the basis of these findings, we propose a hypothetical autoimmune pathogenesis for PASC highlighting the crucial role of IFN signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaf008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T15:20:33Z","timestamp":1738768833000},"page":"355-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Correlation of interferons and autoimmune aspects in long COVID-19 patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8936-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumiyuki","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University , Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kansai Medical University , Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1090 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Hasuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kansai Medical University , Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1090 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081220245728100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e487","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac722","article-title":"Persistent circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike is associated with post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 Sequelae","volume":"76","author":"Swank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis: Off Publ Infect Dis Soc 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