{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:45:13Z","timestamp":1787816713308,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["BJ-2025-158, BJ-2023-077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ-2025-158, BJ-2023-077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to explore the composition and function of immune cell subsets at the single-cell level in the thymus and peripheral blood of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). A total of 9701 and 23 846 cells, respectively, originated from the peripheral blood and thymus samples of two MG patients, and 6930 cells from the peripheral blood of two gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were selected for single-cell RNA-sequencing. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Monocle3, and Velcyto were performed to analyze the composition, molecular and functional properties, and developmental trajectory of immune cell subsets. Four major cell populations of T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and natural killer cells were identified, as well as their 15 cell subpopulations. An absolute predominance of T cells was found in the thymus and peripheral blood of MG patients, and the proportions of memory B cells in both plasma and thymus showed an increasing trend while the number of na\u00efve B cells demonstrated a decreasing trend in MG patients compared with HCs. Besides, the monocytes in the peripheral blood of MG patients had the strongest interactions with other cells. Furthermore, CXCL, GAS, and CD30 signaling pathways were more enriched within MG peripheral blood. Our research clarifies the cellular heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of MG and characterizes the immune microenvironment of thymic tissues in MG patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxag010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:38:39Z","timestamp":1771936719000},"page":"454-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Single-cell RNA-sequencing of myasthenia gravis reveals transcriptional heterogeneity and dysfunction of immune cell populations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Qingjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital\/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission , Beijing 100730 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03185-7","article-title":"Global prevalence of myasthenia gravis and the effectiveness of common drugs in its treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.22.020171.001003","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and the thymus","volume":"22","author":"Goldstein","year":"1971","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/1941875210382918","article-title":"Myasthenic crisis","volume":"1","author":"Wendell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13519","article-title":"Thymus involvement in early-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"1412","author":"Cron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/58802","article-title":"The Thymus: a forgotten, but very important organ","volume":"25","author":"Zdrojewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.007","article-title":"The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes","volume":"12","author":"Marx","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.011","article-title":"Treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"36","author":"Farmakidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2026070104264405500_dxag010-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.62.1.07","article-title":"Thymus pathology in myasthenia gravis with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies and concomitant Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. 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