{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:59:03Z","timestamp":1785344343023,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Programs of China","award":["2021YFD1800500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800500"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Programs of China","award":["2022YFC2304000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many vaccines are evaluated based on their ability to prevent symptoms, rather than infection itself, limiting their effectiveness in controlling asymptomatic transmission and achieving viral eradication. Here, we aimed to develop a serology-based strategy to detect asymptomatic infections and quantify the duration of infection-blocking protection, thereby enabling data-driven revaccination and offering a complementary framework for future infection-blocking vaccine efficacy (VE) evaluation. Using porcine circovirus 2 vaccines as a model, we identified that anti-peptide IgGs appear transiently after vaccination but are reproducibly reinduced upon post-vaccination infection, whereas anti-Capsid protein IgGs persist over time. This distinct serological response enables detection of new infections post-vaccination. By analysing anti-peptide IgG response patterns across multiple sampling time points, we defined a digital microarray index (DMI) that captured the duration of vaccine-induced protection, and successfully ranked the infection-blocking efficacy of five commercial vaccines. Application to single-day samples from eight farms demonstrated that DMI, when paired with vaccination timing, accurately determined herd-level immune status and informed rational revaccination scheduling. This study introduces a serological platform for detecting asymptomatic infections and quantifying infection-blocking protection. The DMI enables high-resolution immune surveillance, informs timely revaccination, and lays the groundwork for future VE trials targeting infection-blocking and pathogen elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:55:19Z","timestamp":1783598119000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transiently produced IgGs enable infection-blocking vaccine efficacy assessment"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyi","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Qiangdong Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Research and Development Department, , Suzhou 215123 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing 100081 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuixing","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station , Suzhou 215007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing 100081 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4214-7142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of 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