{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:22:31Z","timestamp":1792167751390,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) have been used in dietary supplements and may cause an immunomodulatory effect. The present study investigated the effect of ZNPs on antigen-specific immune responses in mice sensitized with the T-cell-dependent antigen ovalbumin (OVA). BALB\/c mice were intraperitoneally administered ZNPs (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 3mg) once, in combination with OVA, and the serum antibodies, splenocyte reactivity and activation of antigen-presenting cells were examined. The serum levels of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE were found significantly enhanced by treatment with ZNPs over control. An increased level of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17 and decreased level of IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 in splenocytes administered with ZNPs were observed in comparison with control. The ZNPs and OVA-stimulated T lymphocytes showed enhanced proliferation compared with control. Macrophages and B cells showed high expression of MHC class II, whereas higher expression of CD11b in macrophages of the ZNPs and ZNPs\/OVA treated groups was observed. The lungs and spleen had increased eosinophils and mast cell numbers. Also, myeloperoxidase activity in lungs was found to be increased by 2.5-fold in the case of ZNPs and 3.75-fold increase in ZNPs\/OVA, whereas in intestine, there was significant increase in both the groups. Increased expression of the genes for GATA-3, SOCS-3, TLR-4, IL-13 and IL-5 in the intestine was observed. Collectively, these data indicate that systemic exposure to a single administration of ZNPs could enhance subsequent antigen-specific immune reactions, including the serum production of antigen-specific antibodies, and the functionality of T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T03:32:54Z","timestamp":1384399974000},"page":"159-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Zinc oxide nanoparticles provide an adjuvant effect to ovalbumin via a Th2 response in Balb\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research 2 , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok K.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research 2 , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research 2 , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhushan P.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Pathology laboratory, Gheru Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 3 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukul","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research 2 , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Premendra D.","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research 1 , M.G. Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001 , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research 2 , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022072100485582100_CIT0001","author":"Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evaluation and Opinion on: Zinc Oxide"},{"key":"2022072100485582100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2010.03.003","article-title":"Antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum","volume":"166","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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