{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:41:35Z","timestamp":1789904495423,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with certain pathogens induces a shift of the Th subset balance to a Th1 dominant state. This, in turn, results in the suppression of Th2 responses. We focused on the involvement of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in the suppression of Th2 cells during Listeria infection. We found that the inhibition of IL-4 production by Th2 cells is mediated by a soluble factor (LmSN) produced by Listeria-infected antigen-presenting cells. The inhibition is not observed with T cells from Irf1 gene-targeted mice. IRF-1 suppresses transcription of the Il4 gene in Th2 cells. Under the influence of the LmSN, IRF-1 binds to the 3\u02b9 untranslated region (UTR) region of the Il4 gene and down-regulates Il4 gene transcription. Finally, we identified IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 as the mediator of the LmSN activity. Signaling through IL-1R induces the stabilization and\/or nuclear translocation of IRF-1. We propose that IRF-1 functions to induce the T-cell subset shift via a novel mechanism. Under the influence of IL-1, IRF-1 translocates into the nucleus and acts on the 3\u02b9UTR region of the Il4 gene, thus inhibiting its transcription in Th2 cells. As a result, the immune system shifts predominantly to a Th1 response during Listeria infection, resulting in effective protection of the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxu092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T04:14:58Z","timestamp":1412396098000},"page":"143-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A novel function of interferon regulatory factor-1: inhibition of Th2 cells by down-regulating the<i>Il4<\/i>gene during<i>Listeria<\/i>infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Saho","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kanoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine 2 , Toon, Ehime 791-0295 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine 2 , Toon, Ehime 791-0295 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan"},{"name":"Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital 3 , Toon, Ehime 791-0295 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakatsu","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine 2 , Toon, Ehime 791-0295 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology 1 , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine 2 , Toon, Ehime 791-0295 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090621094719000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045","article-title":"TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties","volume":"7","author":"Mosmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu. 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