{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:47:40Z","timestamp":1793083660393,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]],"date-time":"2014-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While for a century therapeutics has been dominated by small molecules, i.e. organic chemicals of ~400Da absorbable via the gut, this is no longer the case. There are now a plethora of important medicines which are proteins and injectable, which have dramatically improved the therapy of many inflammatory diseases and of cancer. Most of these are monoclonal antibodies, some are receptor Ig Fc fusion proteins, others are cytokines or enzymes. The key to this new aspect of therapeutics has been the filling of unmet needs, and the consequent commercial success, which promoted further research and development. The first \u2018biologic\u2019 for a common disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was a monoclonal antibody, infliximab, to human tumour necrosis factor (TNF). This was based on our work, which is described in this review, summarizing how TNF was defined as a good target in RA, how it was developed is described here, as well as future indications for anti-TNF and related agents. Biologics are now the fastest growing sector of therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxu102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T02:09:05Z","timestamp":1416449345000},"page":"55-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":543,"title":["Anti-TNF therapy: past, present and future"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagdeep","family":"Nanchahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.5.1627","article-title":"Antibodies to cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor reduce interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 appearance during lethal bacteremia","volume":"170","author":"Fong","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3666","article-title":"An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors","volume":"72","author":"Carswell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116446","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in human ovarian cancer. Potential role in disease progression","volume":"91","author":"Naylor","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040435","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor shedding controls thresholds of innate immune activation that balance opposing TNF functions in infectious and inflammatory diseases","volume":"200","author":"Xanthoulea","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38755","article-title":"Selective tumor necrosis factor receptor I blockade is antiinflammatory and reveals an immunoregulatory role for tumor necrosis factor receptor II in collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"66","author":"McCann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90629-3","article-title":"Hypothesis: role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in the induction of endocrine autoimmunity","volume":"ii","author":"Bottazzo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/224043a0","article-title":"Lymphocyte mitogenic factor in man","volume":"224","author":"Maini","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio237013a0","article-title":"Specific collaboration between T and B lymphocytes across a cell impermeable membrane in vitro","volume":"237","author":"Feldmann","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nat. New Biol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0009","first-page":"295","article-title":"Detection of activated T cell products in the rheumatoid joint using cDNA probes to interleukin 2, IL-2 receptor and interferon \u03b3","volume":"71","author":"Buchan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0010","first-page":"449","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor mRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis: prolonged production of IL-1 alpha","volume":"73","author":"Buchan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.397","article-title":"Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Feldmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90430-3","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of TNF alpha antibodies on synovial cell interleukin-1 production in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Brennan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211039","article-title":"Expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in rheumatoid arthritis: regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"21","author":"Haworth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9784","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"89","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3895437","article-title":"Passive immunization against cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin","volume":"229","author":"Beutler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361206","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"36","author":"Elliott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90632-7","article-title":"Repeated therapy with monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"344","author":"Elliott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90628-9","article-title":"Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"344","author":"Elliott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199809)41:9<1552::AID-ART5>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Maini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011303432202","article-title":"Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of RA","volume":"343","author":"Lipsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1521","article-title":"Regulation of cytokines and acute phase proteins following TNF\u03b1 blockade in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"163","author":"Charles","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<38::AID-ANR6>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Reduction of chemokine levels and leukocyte traffic to joints by tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400401","article-title":"A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate","volume":"340","author":"Weinblatt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10697","article-title":"Adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients taking concomitant methotrexate: the ARMADA trial","volume":"48","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.087106","article-title":"Efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of combination etanercept and sulfasalazine versus etanercept alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind randomised 2-year study","volume":"68","author":"Combe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.085787","article-title":"Rituximab inhibits structural joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapies","volume":"68","author":"Keystone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050524","article-title":"Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition","volume":"353","author":"Genovese","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092932","article-title":"IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Emery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73259-4_9","article-title":"Herceptin","volume":"181","author":"Shepard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032691","article-title":"Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"350","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.457","article-title":"TNF neutralization in MS: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study","volume":"53","author":"The Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS\/MRI Analysis Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11307","article-title":"TNF receptor 1 genetic risk mirrors outcome of anti-TNF therapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"488","author":"Gregory","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2383::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Assessment of antibodies to double-stranded DNA induced in rheumatoid arthritis patients following treatment with infliximab, a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha: findings in open-label and randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"43","author":"Charles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20576","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study","volume":"50","author":"Aringer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60602-2","article-title":"Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group","volume":"351","author":"Abraham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200109)31:9<2566::AID-IMMU2566>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor reduces the severity of virus-specific lung immunopathology","volume":"31","author":"Hussell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L599","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00304.2004","article-title":"Pulmonary inflammation induced by high-stretch ventilation is mediated by tumor necrosis factor signaling in mice","volume":"288","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07382-0","article-title":"Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction","volume":"351","author":"Moller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200703000-00007","article-title":"Postoperative impairment of cognitive function in rats: a possible role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus","volume":"106","author":"Wan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R88","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9019","article-title":"The impact of IL-1 modulation on the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Terrando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014557107","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline","volume":"107","author":"Terrando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810866","article-title":"Injectable collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Dupuytren\u2019s contracture","volume":"361","author":"Hurst","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22167","article-title":"Post-transcriptional regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin determines the contractile phenotype of Dupuytren\u2019s nodular cells","volume":"224","author":"Verjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301100110","article-title":"Unraveling the signaling pathways promoting fibrosis in Dupuytren\u2019s disease reveals TNF as a therapeutic target","volume":"110","author":"Verjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2013.878831","article-title":"Similar mortality rates in hip fracture patients over the past 31 years","volume":"85","author":"Mundi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018501108","article-title":"TNF-alpha promotes fracture repair by augmenting the recruitment and differentiation of muscle-derived stromal cells","volume":"108","author":"Glass","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000077913.60364.D2","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: results of the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure (ATTACH) trial","volume":"107","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124490.27666.B2","article-title":"Targeted anticytokine therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL)","volume":"109","author":"Mann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0049","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Treatment with tumor necrosis factor blockers is associated with a lower incidence of first cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.09.039","article-title":"Heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: rates, predictors, and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy","volume":"116","author":"Wolfe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Med"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.851881","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-2 mediates inflammation and matrix degradation in human atherosclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Monaco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oseo\/instance.00043218","volume-title":"An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations","author":"Smith","year":"1776"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21405","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Goekoop-Ruiterman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22718","article-title":"Infliximab and methotrexate as induction therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Ban der Bijl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20221","article-title":"Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate","volume":"50","author":"Genovese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055111","article-title":"Selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis while receiving etanercept: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780127","article-title":"Treatment with soluble VEGF receptor reduces disease severity in murine collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"80","author":"Miotla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.01.005","article-title":"Targeting fibroblast-like synovial cells at sites of inflammation with peptide targeted liposomes results in inhibition of experimental arthritis","volume":"151","author":"Vanniasinghe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22983","article-title":"Peptidyl arginine deiminase type 2 (PAD-2) and PAD-4 but not PAD-1, PAD-3, and PAD-6 are expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium in close association with tissue inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Foulquier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003627","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis facilitates the development and progression of destructive arthritis through its unique bacterial peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)","volume":"9","author":"Maresz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2022072021385518000_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2013.78.022905","article-title":"The promised land of human immunology","volume":"78","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol"}],"container-title":["International Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/article-pdf\/27\/1\/55\/45033022\/intimm_27_1_55.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/article-pdf\/27\/1\/55\/45033022\/intimm_27_1_55.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T05:42:42Z","timestamp":1689658962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intimm\/article\/27\/1\/55\/2950852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intimm\/dxu102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2377","0953-8178"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2377","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0953-8178","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]]}}}