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To date, a definitive cure for this disease is still lacking as the currently approved drugs used are mainly symptomatic treatments. The revolutionary discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shed new light on the development of disease-modifying treatments for AD, owing to their potential in delivering the therapeutic agents to the brain. The feasibility of harnessing EVs for clinical applications is highly dependent on the donor cell, which determines the intrinsic properties of EVs. The merit of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as therapeutic delivery vehicles, and the proven therapeutic effects of the EVs derived from these cells, make researchers esteem MSCs as ideal producers of EVs. Therefore, MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) emerge to be an appealing therapeutic delivery approach for the treatment of AD. Here, we discuss perspectives on the therapeutic strategies using MSC-EVs to treat AD and the associated challenges in clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1485764915000},"page":"11-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a glimmer of hope in treating Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lee Chuen","family":"Liew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute 1 , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 2 , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Katsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute 1 , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Gailhouste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute 1 , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Nakagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 2 , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"National Cancer Center 3 , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ochiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute 1 , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420062951400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.05.003","article-title":"Intravenous hMSCs improve myocardial infarction in mice because cells embolized in lung are activated to secrete the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026041420062951400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000047856","article-title":"The dynamic in vivo distribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after infusion","volume":"169","author":"Gao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"2026041420062951400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.01.045","article-title":"Multipotent human stromal cells improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice without long-term engraftment","volume":"354","author":"Iso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. 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