{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:04:35Z","timestamp":1753877075231,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to huge pressure on not only healthcare systems, but also on healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As the pandemic continues, the aim of this study is to evaluate how 10 reactions of healthcare professionals evolved during the first 18\u2009months of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A repeated cross-sectional study was performed with eight measurement points between April 2020 and September 2021 in Belgium. Participants were asked how frequently (on a scale of 0\u201310) they experienced positive and negative reactions during normal circumstances and during past week, referred to as before and during COVID-19, respectively. These reactions were stress, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, muscle strain, hypervigilance, leaving profession, headache, doubting knowledge and skills, flashbacks and fear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 13\u00a0308 respondents were included in our study. During both the first (March 2020) and second COVID-19 peak (November 2020), the measured personal, professional and physical reactions were significantly higher compared to before COVID-19. The third wave in April 2021 was shorter and less severe with regard to hospital admissions and deaths, yet an important impact on healthcare professionals could still be observed. \u2018Fatigue,\u2019 \u2018stress,\u2019 \u2018difficulty sleeping\u2019 and \u2018muscle strain\u2019 are the most worrying reactions in September 2021, which are increasing compared to the previous measurements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results showed that acute stress reactions decreased over time but that chronic stress reactions and professional reactions, such as \u2018intent to leave,\u2019 increased. Healthcare organizations and policy makers should realize that 18\u2009months after the start of COVID-19 almost all of the measured reactions continue to be more prevalent than before COVID-19. Moreover, the continuous increase over the last three measurement periods of the number of healthcare professionals who want to leave their profession is alarming. Continuous follow-up of the personal, professional and physical reactions is more than necessary.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzac069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T15:18:23Z","timestamp":1662218303000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The evolving personal, professional and physical impact on healthcare professionals during three COVID-19 waves: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Seys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven\u2014University of Leuven , Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sciensano , Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussel 1050, 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