{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:08:06Z","timestamp":1788847686372,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major obstetric complication associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) remains the diagnostic gold standard, its implementation is often constrained by logistical, financial, and infrastructural limitations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Point-of-care (POC) glucometers offer a rapid and accessible alternative; however, their diagnostic accuracy in pregnant populations remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for diagnostic test accuracy reviews. Electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, as well as gray literature sources, were searched for studies published from 2013 to March 2025. Eligible studies included pregnant women screened for GDM using POC glucometers compared with OGTT as the reference standard. Data on diagnostic performance and methodological quality were extracted and assessed using JBI and QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2) tools. Due to substantial heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six studies comprising 2856 pregnant women were included. Reported sensitivity ranged from 27.0% to 100%, while specificity ranged from 31.5% to 98.8%. Diagnostic performance varied widely depending on device type, enzymatic method, calibration of diagnostic thresholds, and pre-analytical handling. Studies employing validated enzymatic methods and calibrated capillary thresholds demonstrated higher accuracy, whereas unadjusted cut-offs and inconsistent procedures were associated with poor performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Point-of-care glucometers may serve as alternative tools for GDM diagnosis in resource-constrained settings; however, their reliability is highly dependent on procedural rigor and threshold validation. Further standardized, high-quality studies are required before routine clinical adoption can be recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzag109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T11:50:57Z","timestamp":1786189857000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glucometer versus standard enzymatic method for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review for diagnostic test accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6506-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laarni Hannah","family":"Lacorte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Studies, De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute , Dasmari\u00f1as, Cavite,","place":["Philippines"]},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences and Nursing, Far Eastern University , Manila,","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Wilfredo","family":"Quijencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences and Nursing, Far Eastern University , Manila,","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucylynn","family":"Lizarondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JBI, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Hyperglycaemia First Detected in Pregnancy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B2","first-page":"382","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus: an update on the current international diagnostic criteria","volume":"7","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"358","author":"Metzger","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113451","article-title":"The oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy: a review","volume":"9","author":"Bogdanet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global and regional prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus for 2021","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.003","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy","volume":"103","author":"Guariguata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B8","volume-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy: Management from Preconception to the Postnatal Period","author":"NICE","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1223-3","article-title":"Point-of-care testing in India","volume":"15","author":"Engel","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B10","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of glucometers for screening gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Arora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001306","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001306","article-title":"Point-of-care testing for infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Pai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B12","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Preanalytical variables affecting glucose measurement","volume":"56","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B13","first-page":"720","article-title":"Capillary versus venous glucose measurements","volume":"58","author":"Jornayvaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B14","first-page":"78","article-title":"Glycolysis inhibition in blood glucose measurement","volume":"436","author":"van der Hagen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B15","volume-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","author":"Moola","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163","article-title":"PRISMA-DTA statement","volume":"319","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12399","article-title":"Evaluating a point-of-care glucometer for GDM diagnosis","volume":"141","author":"Adam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30909-9","article-title":"Fasting capillary glucose for ruling out GDM","volume":"35","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B20","first-page":"21","article-title":"Glucometer vs laboratory glucose in GDM diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Babu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Curr Med Appl Sci"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14255","article-title":"POC glucose testing for GDM diagnosis","volume":"124","author":"Daly","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S389420","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of capillary glucometers for GDM","volume":"15","author":"Gallardo-Rinc\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"2026090801422952700_mzag109-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvz005","article-title":"POC maternal glucose measurement for GDM","volume":"66","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Quality in Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intqhc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzag109\/70603233\/mzag109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intqhc\/article-pdf\/38\/3\/mzag109\/70603233\/mzag109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intqhc\/article-pdf\/38\/3\/mzag109\/70603233\/mzag109.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:42:34Z","timestamp":1788846154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/intqhc\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzag109\/8758349"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cybele","family":"Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzag109","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-4505","1464-3677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-4505","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"mzag109"}}