{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:50:06Z","timestamp":1791215406206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":61,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Michigan MCubed"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Warning signals in chemically defended organisms are critical components of predator\u2013prey interactions, often requiring multiple coordinated display components for effective communication. When threatened by a predator, venomous coral snakes (genus Micrurus) display a vigorous, non-locomotory thrashing behavior that has previously been qualitatively described. Given the high contrast and colorful banding patterns of these snakes, this thrashing display is hypothesized to be a key component of a complex aposematic signal under strong stabilizing selection across species in a mimicry system. By experimentally testing snake response across simulated predator cues, we analyzed variation in the presence and expression of a thrashing display across five species of South American coral snakes. Although the major features of the thrash display were conserved across species, we found that predator cue type, snake body size, and species identity predict significant inter- and intraspecific variation in the propensity to perform a display, the duration of thrashing, and the curvature of snake bodies. We also found an interaction between curve magnitude and body location that clearly shows which parts of the display vary most across individuals and species. Our results suggest that contrary to the assumption that all Micrurus species and individuals perform the same display, a high degree of variation exists despite presumably strong selection to conserve a common signal. This quantitative behavioral characterization presents a new framework for analyzing the non-locomotory motions displayed by snakes in a broader ecological context, especially for signaling systems with complex interaction across multiple modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iob\/obaa006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T09:02:27Z","timestamp":1583139747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Quantitative Analysis of\n                    <i>Micrurus<\/i>\n                    Coral Snakes Reveals Unexpected Variation in Stereotyped Anti-Predator Displays Within a Mimicry System"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0867-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T Y","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5825-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S M","family":"Danforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A R","family":"Davis Rabosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021010817101314400_obaa006-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(84)80227-4","article-title":"Antipredator displays in the garter snake","volume":"32","author":"Arnold","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2021010817101314400_obaa006-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2021010817101314400_obaa006-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01124.x","article-title":"Correlational selection for color pattern and 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