{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:00:27Z","timestamp":1778810427016,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":341,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2020\/12652\u20134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2020\/12652\u20134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EdS\u2019s PhD advisor Marcio Martins","award":["#2021\/10402\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021\/10402\u20135"]}]},{"name":"EdS\u2019s PhD advisor Marcio Martins","award":["#2022\/10626\u20133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2022\/10626\u20133"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation-Division of Integrative Organismal Systems","award":["#2122890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2122890"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding a species\u2019 physiological state is important for advancing animal ecology and conservation. Endocrine responses to reproduction, stress, and nutritional status are commonly assessed through gonadal, adrenal, and thyroid hormones, respectively. Using nonconventional samples for endocrinological evaluation is an increasingly utilized method but remains uncommon for snakes. In this study, we assessed whether feces, urine, or shed skin from two Neotropical pit vipers (Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu) contain detectable testosterone (T), progesterone (P4), 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2), corticosterone (CORT), and triiodothyronine (T3) using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We collected samples from 23 individuals, 10 B. jararaca and 13 B. jararacussu, and assessed detectability of hormones and\/or immunoreactive hormone metabolites (IHM). We used tests of parallelism and accuracy to validate assays. Triiodothyronine was not detected in urine of either species; all other hormones were detected in all matrices. Testosterone and T3 showed good parallelism for all matrices tested. Parallelism tests for E2 (urine, both species), CORT (urine, B. jararaca, and shed skin, B. jararacussu), and P4 (urine, B. jararaca) showed marginally acceptable results. All accuracy validations were successful, except for T3 in shed skin extract (B. jararacussu) and P4 in urine extract (B. jararaca). This study demonstrates the applicability of nonconventional samples for hormone and IHM detection and quantification, offering valuable tools to monitor the endocrinological status of both free-ranging and confined snakes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iob\/obaf048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T12:44:03Z","timestamp":1765111443000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Nonconventional Sample Matrices for Endocrine Studies of Pit Vipers: Assay Validation and Applications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7751-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia, Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de Anf\u00edbios e R\u00e9pteis, Departamento de Ecologia, , Rua do Mat\u00e3o 321, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090 ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Butantan , Av. Vital Brasil 1500, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05503-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D M D","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, , Rua do Mat\u00e3o 321 trav. 14, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Glaudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia, Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de Anf\u00edbios e R\u00e9pteis, Departamento de Ecologia, , Rua do Mat\u00e3o 321, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090 ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Museu Biol\u00f3gico, Instituto Butantan , Av. Vital Brasil 1500, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05503-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Hingst-Zaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu Biol\u00f3gico, Instituto Butantan , Av. Vital Brasil 1500, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05503-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S M","family":"Almeida-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Butantan , Av. Vital Brasil 1500, Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05503-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C L","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University Department of Biological Sciences, , 617 S. 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