{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:58:53Z","timestamp":1785322733916,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Idaho State University Office for Research and National Science Foundation","award":["2145398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2145398"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While sex steroids orchestrate the organization and activation of external anatomical and behavioral phenotypes, tissue specific mechanisms that regulate these processes are largely unknown. To understand the regulation of both fixed and plastic morphological and endocrine characteristics across social contexts, we investigated the bluebanded goby, Lythrypnus dalli, a sexually plastic fish. The distribution and density of androgen receptors is sexually dimorphic in skeletal muscles of these fish and is associated with courtship displays in males. The supracarinalis muscle, which runs dorsal and parallel to the spinal cord is used for courtship displays by males and for aggressive displays by all L. dalli morphs. Here, we first investigated dorsal fin lengths across fish from different life history stages. We found that while the distribution of dorsal fin sizes exists on a continuum, 45.54% of males had dramatically longer dorsal fins compared to females, and dorsal fin lengths increased within 10 days of protogynous (female to male) sex change. Epaxial and hypaxial are trunk muscles that power all movements through association with all limb muscles in fish. We conducted two separate studies to examine sex steroid levels in skeletal muscles of fish housed either in larger open communities, or in smaller, isolated groups. In fish from community groups, supracarinalis muscles in males had significantly higher levels of 11-ketotestosterone and lower estradiol compared to females, while isolated groups had no sex differences. In fish from isolated groups, only the epaxial and hypaxial muscles had plastic endocrine responses such that within only 5 days of transition, protogynous fish had significantly higher 11-ketotestosterone compared to stable males and intermediate estradiol compared to stable males and females. Overall, endocrine changes preceded morphometric changes and exhibited plasticity across different environments and life history stages. These results support the presence of many traits, from external morphological features to the cryptic endocrine level, that contribute to the occurrence of multiple morphs across life history stages in L. dalli. The integration of these phenotypes is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate the functional performance of behavioral displays in specific social contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iob\/obag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:55:18Z","timestamp":1783598118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morph-specific Dorsal Fin Characteristics and Sex Steroids in Muscles Across Life History Stages in a Sex Dynamic Marine Fish,\n                    <i>Lythrypnus dalli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Starkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biology and Allied Health, College of Southern Idaho , 315 Falls Ave, PO Box 1238, Twin Falls, ID 83303-1238 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K J","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7755-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D S","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Idaho State University , 921 S. 8th Ave, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.12.040","article-title":"Hormonal organization and activation: evolutionary implications and questions","volume":"176","author":"Adkins-Regan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201886109","article-title":"Shared developmental and evolutionary origins for neural basis of vocal\u2013acoustic and pectoral\u2013gestural signaling","volume":"109","author":"Bass","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.12.010","article-title":"Central pattern generators for social vocalization: androgen-dependent neurophysiological mechanisms","volume":"53","author":"Bass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(76)90008-8","article-title":"Sexual attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity in female mammals","volume":"7","author":"Beach","year":"1976","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3210","article-title":"Socially induced and rapid increases in aggression are inversely related to brain aromatase activity in a sex-changing fish, Lythrypnus dalli","volume":"272","author":"Black","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2004.12.015","article-title":"Reproduction in context: field testing a laboratory model of socially controlled sex change in Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert)","volume":"318","author":"Black","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0183","article-title":"The androgen receptor is selectively involved in organization of sexually dimorphic social behaviors in mice","volume":"149","author":"Bodo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-008-0551-2","article-title":"Testosterone and melanin-based black plumage coloration: a comparative study","volume":"62","author":"B\u00f3kony","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(94)00063-G","article-title":"Androgens in teleost fishes","volume":"109","author":"Borg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part C: Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-004-2590-5","article-title":"An initial description of alternative male reproductive phenotypes in the bluebanded Goby, Lythrypnus dalli (Teleostei, Gobiidae)","volume":"72","author":"Drilling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Biol Fishes"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.09.016","article-title":"3\u03b2-HSD expression in the CNS of a Manakin and Finch","volume":"256","author":"Eaton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2013.10.001","article-title":"The fish tail as a derivation from axial musculoskeletal anatomy: an integrative analysis of functional morphology","volume":"117","author":"Flammang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zoology (Jena)"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4038","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00599","article-title":"Androgens support male acrobatic courtship behavior by enhancing muscle speed and easing the severity of its tradeoff with force","volume":"158","author":"Fuxjager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1313","article-title":"Spinal motor and sensory neurons are androgen targets in an acrobatic bird","volume":"153","author":"Fuxjager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-016-0156-y","article-title":"Expression of 5\u03b1- and 5\u03b2-reductase in spinal cord and muscle of birds with different courtship repertoires","volume":"13","author":"Fuxjager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Zool"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1086\/282797","article-title":"Male dimorphism as a consequence of sexual selection","volume":"106","author":"Gadgil","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1513","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00243.2002","article-title":"Season and testosterone affect contractile properties of fast calling muscles in the gray tree frog hyla chrysoscelis","volume":"284","author":"Girgenrath","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJP: Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib37","volume-title":"The diversity of fishes","author":"Helfman","year":"2009","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-012-9694-1","article-title":"The sexually dimorphic adipose fin is an androgen target tissue in the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)","volume":"39","author":"Hisar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91256-9","article-title":"Preoptic formation of 17b-oestradiol is influenced by behavioral stimuli in the dove","volume-title":"Brain Research","author":"Hutchison","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2020-0106","article-title":"Morphological and genetic concordance of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) diversification from Western North America","volume":"99","author":"Keeley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051158","article-title":"Differential responses of brain, gonad and muscle steroid levels to changes in social status and sex in a sequential and bidirectional hermaphroditic fish","volume":"7","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2007.07.010","article-title":"Diurnal patterns and sex differences in cortisol, 11-ketotestosterone, testosterone, and 17\u03b2-estradiol in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli)","volume":"155","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib2a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.5343\/bms.2012.1050","article-title":"Bidirectional sex change in seven species of priolepis (Actinopterygii: gobiidae)","volume":"89","author":"Manabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMS"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5664","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603329113","article-title":"Increased androgenic sensitivity in the hind limb muscular system marks the evolution of a derived gestural display","volume":"113","author":"Mangiamele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/336770a0","article-title":"The role of sex steroids in the acquisition and production of Birdsong","volume-title":"Lett Nat","author":"Marler","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib55","author":"Miller","year":"1972","journal-title":"Fish bulletin 157. guide to the coastal marine fishes of california"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05201.x","article-title":"The evolution of sexual dimorphism by sexual selection: the separate effects of intrasexual selection and intersexual selection","volume":"44","author":"Moore","year":"1990","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2022.105161","article-title":"Uncovering the seasonal brain: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) as a biochemical approach for studying seasonal social behaviors","volume":"142","author":"Munley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib3a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-019-00913-3","article-title":"The goby Lythrypnus pulchellus is a bi-directional sex changer","volume":"102","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Arroyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Biol Fish"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12342","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404693101","article-title":"Gender-selective patterns of aggressive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"101","author":"Nilsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-37","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of a nuclear androgen receptor activated by 11-ketotestosterone","volume":"3","author":"Olsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-65-3-369","article-title":"Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female Guinea pig","volume":"65","author":"Phoenix","year":"1959","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.11.006","article-title":"Contextual modulation of androgen effects on agonistic interactions","volume-title":"Horm Behav","author":"Pradhan","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-018-1308-7","article-title":"Preparing to migrate: expression of androgen signaling molecules and insulin-like growth factor-1 in skeletal muscles of Gambel\u2019s white-crowned sparrows","volume":"205","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol A"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.01.008","article-title":"Aggressive interactions rapidly increase androgen synthesis in the brain during the non-breeding season","volume":"57","author":"Pradhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00008","article-title":"Contextual modulation of social and endocrine correlates of fitness: insights from the life history of a sex changing fish","volume":"9","author":"Pradhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1643\/CP-14-018","article-title":"Water-borne and tissue endocrine profiles of an alternative male reproductive phenotype in the sex changing fish, Lythrypnus dalli","volume":"2015","author":"Pradhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140239","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0239","article-title":"A mechanism for rapid neurosteroidal regulation of parenting behaviour","volume":"281","author":"Pradhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2019.104586","article-title":"Phenotypic flexibility of glucocorticoid signaling in skeletal muscles of a songbird preparing to migrate","volume":"116","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003262","article-title":"Simultaneous courtship and parenting in males and sex role reversal in females of the haremic bluebanded Goby, Lythrypnus dalli","volume-title":"Behaviour","author":"Pradhan","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012232","article-title":"An integrative approach to sex change: social, behavioural and neurochemical changes in Lythrypnus dalli (Pisces)","volume":"2","author":"Reavis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Ethologcia"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2200","article-title":"Forebrain steroid levels fluctuate rapidly during social interactions","volume":"11","author":"Remage-Healey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2307\/3593120","article-title":"Sex reversal in pairs of Lythrypnus dalli: behavioral and morphological changes","volume":"208","author":"Rodgers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.01.008","article-title":"Elevated 11-ketotestosterone during paternal behavior in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli)","volume":"49","author":"Rodgers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib5a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2007.01427.x","article-title":"Social status determines sexual phenotype in the bi-directional sex changing bluebanded goby Lythrypnus dalli","volume":"70","author":"Rodgers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.04.001","article-title":"Hormones and the neuromuscular control of courtship in the golden-collared Manakin (Manacus vitellinus)","volume":"34","author":"Schlinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2018.07.002","article-title":"Muscle, a conduit to brain for hormonal control of behavior","volume":"105","author":"Schlinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.03.025","article-title":"Neurosteroids, immunosteroids, and the balkanization of endocrinology","volume":"157","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177711","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177711","article-title":"Sex differences in neuromuscular androgen receptor expression and sociosexual behavior in a Sex changing fish","volume":"12","author":"Schuppe","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12207","article-title":"Ancestral androgenic differentiation pathways are repurposed during the evolution of adult sexual plasticity","volume":"18","author":"Schuppe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol Dev"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb243730","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.243730","article-title":"Specialized androgen synthesis in skeletal muscles that actuate elaborate social displays","volume":"225","author":"Schuppe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20212540","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.2540","article-title":"Dancing drives evolution of sexual size dimorphism in Manakins","volume":"289","author":"Shogren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2023.105445","article-title":"Sex diversity in the 21st century: concepts, frameworks, and approaches for the future of neuroendocrinology","volume":"157","author":"Smiley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12195","article-title":"Juvenile social status predicts primary sex allocation in a sex changing fish","volume":"18","author":"Solomon-Lane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol Dev"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.2307\/1447085","article-title":"Novel sexual patterns in two simultaneously hermaphroditic gobies, Lythrypnus dalli and Lythrypnus zebra","volume":"1993","author":"St. Mary","year":"1993","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib6a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-017-1434-z","article-title":"Evolution of bidirectional sex change and gonochorism in fishes of the gobiid genera Trimma, Priolepis, and Trimmatom","volume":"104","author":"Sunobe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1086\/286057","article-title":"Sequential patterns of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites: do we need models that specifically incorporate this complexity","volume":"150","author":"St Mary","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw7006","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw7006","article-title":"Stress, novel sex genes, and epigenetic reprogramming orchestrate socially controlled sex change","volume":"5","author":"Todd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.02.005","article-title":"The role of sex steroids in courtship, pairing and pairing behaviors in the socially monogamous zebra Finch","volume":"50","author":"Tomaszycki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2023.105373","article-title":"Sex differences in aggressive intensities and brain steroids during status resolution in a Sex changing fish, Lythrypnus dalli","volume":"153","author":"White","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1086\/285134","article-title":"The \u201cchallenge hypothesis\u201d: theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies","volume":"136","author":"Wingfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1015","article-title":"Cyp11b1 Is induced in the murine gonad by luteinizing hormone","volume":"149","author":"Yazawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026072906012817300_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.01.013","article-title":"The role of androgen receptors in the masculinization of brain and behavior: what we\u2019ve learned from the testicular feminization mutation","volume":"53","author":"Zuloaga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm Behav"}],"container-title":["Integrative Organismal Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/iob\/obag035\/68754803\/obag035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iob\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/obag035\/68754803\/obag035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iob\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/obag035\/68754803\/obag035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:01:34Z","timestamp":1785319294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iob\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/iob\/obag035\/8731934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/iob\/obag035","relation":{},"ISSN":["2517-4843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2517-4843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"obag035"}}