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For herbivorous insects, such as phloem-colonizing bark beetles, mutualistic fungi may improve their diet by providing a nutritious mycelium. A recent study revealed that two filamentous fungi are mutualists of the European fir engraver beetle Pityokteines vorontzowi, but a potential nutritional contribution of the fungi, as well as their capability to degrade plant antiherbivore defenses remains unknown. We analyzed the nutrient content of the fungal mutualists Ophiostoma piceae and Geosmithia sp. F1 and examined their ability to degrade the constitutive chemical defenses of silver fir phloem in comparison to other fungi. Both mutualists turned out to be rich in amino acids, sugars, and B vitamins and were found to efficiently deplete their phloem media of several defenses. Strikingly, O. piceae not only accumulated the highest amounts of the B vitamin nicotinic acid of the 17 tested fungi but also showed a high ability to deplete its medium of chemical defenses, similar to the behavior of the Ips typographus mutualist Endoconidiophora polonica. Beetle-vectored, non-mutualistic fungi isolated from P. vorontzowi showed similar capacities to deplete defensive compounds, whereas non-fir-associated fungi were less effective in reducing their concentrations in the phloem medium. The nutritious mycelium of O. piceae and Geosmithia sp. F1 and the ability of these fungi to deplete the medium of major fir defense compounds likely facilitates the colonization of silver fir phloem by P. vorontzowi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:42:01Z","timestamp":1778586121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The mutualistic fungi of the bark beetle\n                    <i>Pityokteines vorontzowi<\/i>\n                    are nutrient-rich and efficiently deplete their medium of fir chemical defenses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Lichnock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry , Hans-Kn\u00f6ll Stra\u00dfe 8, 07745 Jena , Thuringia,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifat Munim","family":"Tanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, Institute of Forestry, University of Freiburg , Fohrenb\u00fchl 27, 79252 Stegen-Wittental, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6691-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Reichelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry , Hans-Kn\u00f6ll Stra\u00dfe 8, 07745 Jena , Thuringia,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4234-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Biedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, Institute of Forestry, University of Freiburg , Fohrenb\u00fchl 27, 79252 Stegen-Wittental, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1812-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Gershenzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry , Hans-Kn\u00f6ll Stra\u00dfe 8, 07745 Jena , Thuringia,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague , Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129165 00 Prague - Suchdol,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9097-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Lehenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry , Hans-Kn\u00f6ll Stra\u00dfe 8, 07745 Jena , 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