{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:55Z","timestamp":1792785955316,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Foundation for Innovation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000az4664","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Nature et technologies","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00b9f9778","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bacterial populations evolve rapidly in the lab when faced with experimentally applied selective pressures. Yet how bacteria evolve in nature, in more complex multi-species communities, is both challenging to study and essential to our understanding of ecosystem responses to rapid anthropogenic change. To track bacterial evolution in a semi-natural context, we applied Roundup, a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) that interferes with aromatic amino acid synthesis, as a selective pressure to 1000\u00a0L ponds containing bacterioplankton communities from a pristine lake. We show that both ecological and evolutionary changes can occur on short timescales after a strong selective pressure. Using metagenome-assembled genomes as a proxy for species, we found that GBH treatment substantially affected community diversity but did not purge within-species genetic diversity over the 4\u00a0weeks of the experiment. We identified several functional categories of genes consistently targeted by GBH selection across seven different species of bacteria. Genes involved in amino acid transport and metabolism were more likely to experience GBH-driven changes in allele frequency, including the gene aroA targeted by glyphosate, along with other potentially novel targets of selection. Together, these results show how environmental change can rapidly affect bacterial community structure and select for specific genetic targets without purging genetic diversity genome-wide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:27:16Z","timestamp":1786706836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure triggers genetic adaptation but not diversity collapse within bacterioplankton species"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5985-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Derrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al H3A 2B4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na\u00edla","family":"Barbosa da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE) , Qu\u00e9bec G1K 9A9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL) , D\u00e9partement de sciences biologiques, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al H3C 3J7 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement Science et Technologie, Universit\u00e9 T\u00e9luq , Qu\u00e9bec G1K 9H6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3044-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rowan D H","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al H3A 1B1 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science , Montr\u00e9al H3A 1B1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6819-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B Jesse","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al H3A 2B4 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL) , D\u00e9partement de sciences biologiques, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al H3C 3J7 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science , Montr\u00e9al H3A 1B1 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill Genome Centre, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al H3A 0G1 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill Centre for Microbiome Research , Montr\u00e9al H4A 3J1, \u00a0","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153213","article-title":"The microbial engines that drive Earth\u2019s biogeochemical cycles","volume":"320","author":"Falkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16100","article-title":"Resistance, resilience, and functional redundancy of freshwater bacterioplankton communities facing a gradient of agricultural stressors in a mesocosm experiment","volume":"30","author":"Barbosa da Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00291","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00291-20","article-title":"Multiple stressors determine community structure and estimated function of river biofilm bacteria","volume":"86","author":"Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00782-x","article-title":"Understanding the impact of antibiotic perturbation on the human microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10305","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803880115","article-title":"Glyphosate perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees","volume":"115","author":"Motta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00248.x","article-title":"Anthropogenic perturbations in marine microbial communities","volume":"35","author":"Nogales","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2403577121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2403577121","article-title":"Parallel ecological and evolutionary responses to selection in a natural bacterial community","volume":"121","author":"Hesse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78530","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78530","article-title":"Community diversity is associated with intra-species genetic diversity and gene loss in the human gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Madi","year":"2023","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12703","article-title":"Reuniting ecology and evolution","volume":"11","author":"Shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30637","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.30637","article-title":"Severe infections emerge from commensal bacteria by adaptive evolution","volume":"6","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2848","article-title":"Genetic variation of a bacterial pathogen within individuals with cystic fibrosis provides a record of selective pressures","volume":"46","author":"Lieberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.997","article-title":"Parallel bacterial evolution within multiple patients identifies candidate pathogenicity genes","volume":"43","author":"Lieberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64521-9","article-title":"Parallel within-host evolution alters virulence factors in an opportunistic Klebsiella pneumoniae during a hospital outbreak","volume":"16","author":"Zaborskyt\u0117","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00755-3","article-title":"Evolution of diversity explains the impact of pre-adaptation of a focal species on the structure of a natural microbial community","volume":"14","author":"Padfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58999","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58999","article-title":"Does diversity beget diversity in microbiomes?","volume":"9","author":"Madi","year":"2020","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22897","article-title":"Speciation gradients and the distribution of biodiversity","volume":"546","author":"Schluter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150118398","article-title":"Bacterial species and speciation","volume":"50","author":"Cohan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.03.032","article-title":"A systematics for discovering the fundamental units of bacterial diversity","volume":"17","author":"Cohan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218198","article-title":"Population genomics of early events in the ecological differentiation of bacteria","volume":"336","author":"Shapiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a018143","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018143","article-title":"Microbial speciation","volume":"7","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00585-x","article-title":"Understanding soft sweeps: a signature of rapid adaptation","volume":"24","author":"Garud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.241","article-title":"Genome-wide selective sweeps and gene-specific sweeps in natural bacterial populations","volume":"10","author":"Bendall","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01888-3","article-title":"Two decades of bacterial ecology and evolution in a freshwater lake","volume":"10","author":"Rohwer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"wraf144","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf144","article-title":"Eco-evolutionary robustness of wild bacterial communities to experimental perturbation","volume":"19","author":"Sant","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14609-8","article-title":"Glyphosate concentrations in global freshwaters: are aquatic organisms at risk?","volume":"28","author":"Brovini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref26","volume-title":"Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life: Glyphosate","author":"CCME","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab029","article-title":"Herbicide selection promotes antibiotic resistance in soil microbiomes","volume":"38","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01482","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01482-21","article-title":"A glyphosate-based herbicide cross-selects for antibiotic resistance genes in Bacterioplankton communities","volume":"7","author":"da Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1518","article-title":"Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide","volume":"64","author":"Duke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1376","article-title":"Interaction of the herbicide glyphosate with its target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase in atomic detail","volume":"98","author":"Sch\u00f6nbrunn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124556","article-title":"Classification of the glyphosate target enzyme (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) for assessing sensitivity of organisms to the herbicide","volume":"408","author":"Leino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv033","article-title":"MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.02.020","article-title":"MEGAHIT v1.0: a fast and scalable metagenome assembler driven by advanced methodologies and community practices","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7359","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7359","article-title":"MetaBAT 2: an adaptive binning algorithm for robust and efficient genome reconstruction from metagenome assemblies","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1319","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1319","article-title":"Anvi\u2019o: an advanced analysis and visualization platform for \u2018omics data","volume":"3","author":"Eren","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-119","article-title":"Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification","volume":"11","author":"Hyatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002195","article-title":"Accelerated profile HMM searches","volume":"7","author":"Eddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref40","volume-title":"Refining a bin using anvi\u2019o","author":"Eren"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.126","article-title":"dRep: a tool for fast and accurate genomic comparisons that enables improved genome recovery from metagenomes through de-replication","volume":"11","author":"Olm","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","article-title":"High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D785","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab776","article-title":"GTDB: an ongoing census of bacterial and archaeal diversity through a phylogenetically consistent, rank normalized and complete genome-based taxonomy","volume":"50","author":"Parks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848","article-title":"GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the genome taxonomy database","volume":"36","author":"Chaumeil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac672","article-title":"GTDB-Tk v2: memory friendly classification with the genome taxonomy database","volume":"38","author":"Chaumeil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D309","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1085","article-title":"eggNOG 5.0: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses","volume":"47","author":"Huerta-Cepas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5825","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab293","article-title":"eggNOG-mapper v2: functional annotation, Orthology assignments, and domain prediction at the metagenomic scale","volume":"38","author":"Cantalapiedra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01101-x","article-title":"Sensitive protein alignments at tree-of-life scale using DIAMOND","volume":"18","author":"Buchfink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000685","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000685","article-title":"Bakta: rapid and standardized annotation of bacterial genomes via alignment-free sequence identification","volume":"7","author":"Schwengers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Genomics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-00797-0","article-title":"inStrain profiles population microdiversity from metagenomic data and sensitively detects shared microbial strains","volume":"39","author":"Olm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000102","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of bacteria in the gut microbiome within and across hosts","volume":"17","author":"Garud","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref53","article-title":"CoverM: read coverage calculator for metagenomics (v0.7.0)","author":"Aroney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0","article-title":"Improved metagenomic analysis with kraken 2","volume":"20","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00738-y","article-title":"Metagenome analysis using the kraken software suite","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.104","article-title":"Bracken: estimating species abundance in metagenomics data","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref57","volume-title":"R: The R Project for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref59","volume-title":"Vegan: Community Ecology Package","author":"Oksanen","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty633","article-title":"Ape 5.0: an environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R","volume":"35","author":"Paradis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.33","article-title":"The COG database: a tool for genome-scale analysis of protein functions and evolution","volume":"28","author":"Tatusov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.02.002","article-title":"Looking for Darwin\u2019s footprints in the microbial world","volume":"17","author":"Shapiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.01.037","article-title":"Pre-exposure to stress reduces loss of community and genetic diversity following severe environmental disturbance","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08781-x","article-title":"Brief antibiotic use drives human gut bacteria towards low-cost resistance","volume":"641","author":"Yaffe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.69","article-title":"Experimental evolution and the dynamics of adaptation and genome evolution in microbial populations","volume":"11","author":"Lenski","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evx026","article-title":"Biological species are universal across Life\u2019s domains","volume":"9","author":"Bobay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"2026092604262257400_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.033","article-title":"A reverse ecology approach based on a biological definition of microbial populations","volume":"178","author":"Arevalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["ISME Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismecommun\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag201\/70684560\/ycag201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismecommun\/article-pdf\/6\/1\/ycag201\/70684560\/ycag201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismecommun\/article-pdf\/6\/1\/ycag201\/70684560\/ycag201.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:26:33Z","timestamp":1790411193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismecommun\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag201\/8763760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-6151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-6151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"ycag201"}}