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Here, we present the nuclear genome of the haploid phase of the coccolithophore Calcidiscus leptoporus, a coccolithophore that calcifies in both life-cycle stages. We combined host genome analysis, genome-resolved characterization of associated bacteria, and a four-month vitamin-manipulation experiment to test how B-vitamin biosynthetic complementarity relates to host performance and phycosphere community assembly. Metabolic reconstructions indicate partitioned B-vitamin biosynthtic potential: the host encodes pathways for B2, B5, B6, and B9, including a rare fused B5 biosynthesis gene, but lacks complete pathways for B1, B3, B7, and B12. These missing functions were distributed among recurrent bacterial taxa, with no single bacterial MAG encoding the full set of host-missing vitamins. Across the experiment, bacterial community composition was structured primarily by the experimental phase, while vitamin treatments secondarily influenced which taxa became enriched at later stages. Consistent with genome-inferred auxotrophy, B-vitamin availability constrained long-term growth under the tested conditions, with B1 alone providing partial rescue and vitamin-replete treatments showing equal or stronger responses. Together, these data establish C. leptoporus as a genomic model for coccolithophore biology and holobiont interactions, while providing a testable framework linking vitamin economies to phycosphere assembly and host performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:03:55Z","timestamp":1785585835000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <i>Calcidiscus leptoporus<\/i>\n                    genome reveals vitamin-mediated holobiont interactions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Chaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute , 10000 Zagreb ,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Vojvoda Zeljko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute , 10000 Zagreb ,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0477-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borna Branimir","family":"Vukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute , 10000 Zagreb ,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2348-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences , East Boothbay, ME 04544 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titouan","family":"Le Perrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute , 10000 Zagreb ,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"\u017di\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute , 10000 Zagreb ,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briget P","family":"Bannerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0SP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald Tonye Bara","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0SP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, University of the People , Pasadena, CA 91101 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9294-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clotilde","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational, Quantitative and Synthetic Biology (CQSB), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 , 75005 Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational, Quantitative and Synthetic Biology (CQSB), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 , 75005 Paris 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