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In this study, we performed a global-scale in-silico meta-analysis of publicly available 16S rRNA datasets to identify a conserved core gut microbiota and assess how geography and diet shape microbial community structure and function. Using both prevalence-based and unsupervised clustering approaches, we defined a robust global core microbiota composed of 88 high-confidence ASVs, including genera such as Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter, which were consistently present regardless of geographical region or diet. These taxa are important in nutrient metabolism, detoxification, and stress tolerance, contributing to host fitness and ecological success. Geographic origin significantly influenced gut microbiota diversity and composition, with continent- and country-level differences supported by alpha\/beta diversity metrics and supervised machine learning classification (AUC\u2009=\u20091.0). Diet\u00a0also influenced microbial community structure, although its effect was weaker than that of geography, explaining 11.9% of the variation compared to 13.5%. Functional predictions using PICRUSt2 revealed region-specific enrichment of pathways related to xenobiotic degradation, amino acid metabolism, and vitamin biosynthesis, suggesting specific microbial taxa may contribute to host adaptation and resilience through these metabolic functions. This is the first global synthesis of the S. frugiperda gut microbiota that integrates geographic and dietary factors. The identification of a global-level conserved core microbiota provides a foundation for developing synthetic microbial communities and microbiome-informed pest management strategies aimed at enhancing control efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:37:50Z","timestamp":1787053070000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global\n                    <i>in silico<\/i>\n                    analysis reveals a core gut microbiota in fall armyworm (\n                    <i>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/i>\n                    ) shaped by geography and diet"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lakshay","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40546 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall R","family":"Corbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40546 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1237684","article-title":"Composition and diversity of gut microbiota across developmental stages of Spodoptera frugiperda and its effect on the reproduction","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11367","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04189","article-title":"Insecticide susceptibility and mechanism of Spodoptera frugiperda on different host plants","volume":"70","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43170-023-00181-3","article-title":"Economic impacts and management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in smallholder agriculture: a panel data analysis for Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Tambo","year":"2023","journal-title":"CABI Agric Biosci"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21063","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25529-z","article-title":"The evolutionary process of invasion in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)","volume":"12","author":"Yainna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.20649","article-title":"Maize diversity for fall armyworm resistance in a warming world","volume":"62","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref6","volume-title":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations","author":"FAO","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref7","volume-title":"International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)","author":"IPPC","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026100602312292400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-8172.2018.00238.9","article-title":"Biology of invasive fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. 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