{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:08:17Z","timestamp":1789398497330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":230,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM155026 to A.A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM155026 to A.A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM150870 to N.G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM150870 to N.G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Iron is an essential component of cellular biology. Thus, iron\u2019s low bioavailability is a key evolutionary pressure guiding microbial dynamics in the marine environment. Among marine bacteria, Microbulbifer is a chemically underexplored and functionally versatile bacterial genus, which is commonly associated with sponges, algae, corals, and sediments. Previously, genome analyses have revealed that Microbulbifer spp. can degrade polymers and synthesize natural products. Despite their recognized potential to produce secondary metabolites, siderophores are yet to be identified in Microbulbifer, and their iron acquisition strategies remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a comprehensive mass spectrometry-based query language code to determine siderophore production by Microbulbifer spp. in mono- and mixed cultures. Using this workflow, we discovered a new metallophore, which we named bulbichelin, as well as a suite of previously unreported petrobactins containing an unprecedented longer chain length acylation on the central spermidine moiety. We applied genome mining methods to describe the biosynthesis of these compounds. Using metal infusion mass spectrometry, we show that bulbichelins bind a variety of metals. Notably, neither of these compounds were produced in a co-culture of Microbulbifer with coral-derived pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus Cn52-H1. Understanding how siderophores shape interspecies interactions between Microbulbifer spp. and other marine organisms will aid in unraveling the chemical and catalytic versatility of this genus and adaptation in nutrient deplete marine environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1787140285000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computational mass spectrometry and genome mining guided discovery of metallophores produced by Microbulbifer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8544-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Monge-Lor\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9942-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver , 2101 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80210 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-3843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9596-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allegra","family":"Aron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver , 2101 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80210 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2760-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology , 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.024158-0","article-title":"Microbulbifer chitinilyticus sp. nov. and Microbulbifer okinawensis sp. nov., chitin-degrading bacteria isolated from mangrove forests","volume":"61","author":"Baba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65507-0","article-title":"Microbulbifer agarilyticus sp. nov. and Microbulbifer thermotolerans sp. nov., agar-degrading bacteria isolated from deep-sea sediment","volume":"58","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00746-00720","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of cellulase-producing Microbulbifer sp. strain GL-2, isolated from marine fish intestine","volume":"9","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiology Resource Announcements"},{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03594-5","article-title":"Microbulbifer litoralis sp. nov., isolated from seashore of Weizhou Island","volume":"81","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.20.146","article-title":"Polymer degrading marine Microbulbifer bacteria: an un(der)utilized source of chemical and biocatalytic novelty","volume":"20","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Beilstein J Org Chem"},{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5c00507","article-title":"Phylogenomic identification of a highly conserved copper-binding RiPP biosynthetic gene cluster in marine Microbulbifer bacteria","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"2026091410320915200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00312","article-title":"Bulbiferates A and B: antibacterial Acetamidohydroxybenzoates from a marine 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