{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:40:39Z","timestamp":1792600839073,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":270,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manila Central University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smithella are repeatedly implicated as primary alkane activators in methanogenic hydrocarbon-degrading communities, yet the propionate-oxidizing type species and many relatives cannot activate alkanes, and the genus\u2019s diversity and functional differentiation remain poorly resolved. Here, we present genus-scale comparative genomics of Smithella across 108 Smithellaceae metagenome-assembled genomes from three genera. The 74 Smithella genomes resolve into 23 species, 15 of them unnamed. Alkylsuccinate synthase occurs as two paralogous families, A and B. They differ by a third of their residues and coexist in the same genome. Both reject the species topology, family B decisively. assA has been gained and lost independently in several lineages. The families differ in mobility: family A is single-copy, confined to two species and in a conserved neighbourhood, whereas family B duplicates within genomes, spans four species and occupies a far less conserved context, most often beside a 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase. Reductive specialization is pervasive, including genus-wide loss of flagellar motility, dissimilatory sulfite reduction, and de novo cobamide (vitamin B\u2081\u2082) biosynthesis. In consortium models, both lineages behaved equivalently on propionate, the substrate they share, and a hydrogenotrophic partner was obligatory for alkane oxidation, for which H\u2082 and formate are the only electron acceptors. The genus appears to favour propionate dismutation, thermodynamically preferred when hydrogen removal is incomplete; both lineages have largely lost the methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase most sister genomes retain. Alkane activation is therefore a mobile accessory on an otherwise conserved syntrophic core. Acquiring it widens the substrate range while tightening the requirement for a hydrogenotrophic partner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycag275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:29:28Z","timestamp":1790425768000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative genomics of the\n                    <i>Smithellaceae<\/i>\n                    : reductive evolution and a mobile alkane-activation module in\n                    <i>Smithella<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Boonfei","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutional Research Office, Manila Central University , Caloocan City 1400 ,","place":["The Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Zafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Manila Central University , Caloocan City 1400 ,","place":["The Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-0009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charmaine","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutional Research Office, Manila Central University , Caloocan City 1400 ,","place":["The Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102111531110500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2166","article-title":"Electron transfer in syntrophic communities of anaerobic bacteria and archaea","volume":"7","author":"Stams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026102111531110500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.61.2.262-280.1997","article-title":"Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic 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