{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:37:12Z","timestamp":1790858232977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":63,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32161133005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161133005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32373061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007540","name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX(21)2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(21)2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022T150555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022T150555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Large cointegrate plasmids recruit genetic features of their parental plasmids and serve as important vectors in the spread of antibiotic resistance. They are now frequently found in clinical settings, raising the issue of how to limit their further transmission. Here, we conducted evolutionary research of a large blaNDM-positive cointegrate within Escherichia coli C600, and discovered that adaptive evolution of chromosome and plasmid jointly improved bacterial fitness, which was manifested as enhanced survival ability for in vivo and in vitro pairwise competition, biofilm formation, and gut colonization ability. From the plasmid aspect, large-scale DNA fragment loss is observed in an evolved clone. Although the evolved plasmid imposes a negligible fitness cost on host bacteria, its conjugation frequency is greatly reduced, and the deficiency of anti-SOS gene psiB is found responsible for the impaired horizontal transferability rather than the reduced fitness cost. These findings unveil an evolutionary strategy in which the plasmid horizontal transferability and fitness cost are balanced. From the chromosome perspective, all evolved clones exhibit parallel mutations in the transcriptional regulatory stringent starvation Protein A gene sspA. Through a sspA knockout mutant, transcriptome analysis, in vitro transcriptional activity assay, RT-qPCR, motility test, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, we demonstrated that the mutation in sspA reduces its transcriptional inhibitory capacity, thereby improving bacterial fitness, biofilm formation ability, and gut colonization ability by promoting bacterial flagella synthesis. These findings expand our knowledge of how cointegrate plasmids adapt to new bacterial hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T06:18:23Z","timestamp":1709360303000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Adaptive evolution of plasmid and chromosome contributes to the fitness of a <i>bla<\/i>NDM-bearing cointegrate plasmid in <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University , Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mianzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruichao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032811450298300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw163","article-title":"Survival and evolution of a large multidrug resistance plasmid in new clinical bacterial hosts","volume":"33","author":"Porse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2024032811450298300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122435","article-title":"Structural diversity, fitness cost, and stability of a blaNDM-1-bearing cointegrate plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2024032811450298300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127450","article-title":"Dynamic evolution and transmission of a blaNDM-1-bearing fusion 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