{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:17:05Z","timestamp":1791505025170,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":117,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T 1218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T 1218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z-383-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-383-B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are common members of marine sponge microbiomes. They derive energy for carbon fixation and growth from nitrification\u2014the aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and further to nitrate\u2014and are proposed to play essential roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycling of sponge holobionts. In this study, we characterize two novel nitrifying symbiont lineages, Candidatus Nitrosokoinonia and Candidatus Nitrosymbion in the marine sponge Coscinoderma matthewsi using a combination of molecular tools, in situ visualization, and physiological rate measurements. Both represent a new genus in the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal class Nitrososphaeria and the nitrite-oxidizing bacterial order Nitrospirales, respectively. Furthermore, we show that larvae of this viviparous sponge are densely colonized by representatives of Ca. Nitrosokoinonia and Ca. Nitrosymbion indicating vertical transmission. In adults, the representatives of both symbiont genera are located extracellularly in the mesohyl. Comparative metagenome analyses and physiological data suggest that ammonia-oxidizing archaeal symbionts of the genus Ca. Nitrosokoinonia strongly rely on endogenously produced nitrogenous compounds (i.e. ammonium, urea, nitriles\/cyanides, and creatinine) rather than on exogenous ammonium sources taken up by the sponge. Additionally, the nitrite-oxidizing bacterial symbionts of the genus Ca. Nitrosymbion may reciprocally support the ammonia-oxidizers with ammonia via the utilization of sponge-derived urea and cyanate. Comparative analyses of published environmental 16S rRNA gene amplicon data revealed that Ca. Nitrosokoinonia and Ca. Nitrosymbion are widely distributed and predominantly associated with marine sponges and corals, suggesting a broad relevance of our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T07:39:37Z","timestamp":1713857977000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Co-occurring nitrifying symbiont lineages are vertically inherited and widespread in marine sponges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Glasl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbial Ecology , Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"University of Vienna , Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M","family":"Luter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian 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for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbial Ecology , Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"University of Vienna , Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Pamela","family":"Engelberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Ecogenomics , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, , 4072 St. Lucia,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, , 4072 St. Lucia,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Microbiome Research , School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, , 4102 Woolloongabba,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Translational Research Institute , School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, , 4102 Woolloongabba,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Ecogenomics , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, , 4072 St. Lucia,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, , 4072 St. Lucia,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay T","family":"Osvatic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology , Department of Laboratory Medicine, , 1090 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Medical University of Vienna , Department of Laboratory Medicine, , 1090 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Hausmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna , 1030 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology , Department of Laboratory Medicine, , 1090 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Medical University of Vienna , Department of Laboratory Medicine, , 1090 Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"S\u00e9neca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbial Ecology , Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, , 1030 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