{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:50:09Z","timestamp":1791687009423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With global climate change, treated-wastewater irrigation and manure amendment are becoming increasingly important in sustainable agriculture in water- and nutrient-stressed regions. Yet, these practices can potentially disseminate pathogens and antimicrobial resistance determinants to crops, resulting in serious health risks to humans through the food chain. Previous studies demonstrated that pathogen and antimicrobial resistance indicators from wastewater and manure survive poorly in the environment, suggesting that ecological barriers prevent their dissemination. However, we recently found that these elements can persist below detection levels in low quality treated wastewater-irrigated soil, and potentially proliferate under favorable conditions. This \u201cunder-the-radar\u201d phenomenon was further investigated here, in treated wastewater-irrigated and poultry litter-amended lettuce plants, using an enrichment platform that resembles gut conditions, and an analytical approach that combined molecular and cultivation-based techniques. Enrichment uncovered clinically relevant multidrug-resistant pathogen indicators and a myriad of antibiotic resistance genes in the litter amended and treated wastewater-irrigated lettuce that were not detected by direct analyses, or in the enriched freshwater irrigated samples. Selected resistant E. coli isolates were capable of horizontally transferring plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes to a susceptible strain. Overall, our study underlines the hidden risks of under-the-radar pathogen and antimicrobial resistance determinants in anthropogenically affected agroenvironments, providing a platform to improve quantitative microbial risk assessment models in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1738768916000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Occurrence of \u201cunder-the-radar\u201d antibiotic resistance in anthropogenically affected produce"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chagai","family":"Davidovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization- Volcani Institute , Rishon LeZion, 7505101 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot, 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kseniia","family":"Erokhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization- Volcani Institute , Rishon LeZion, 7505101 ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot, 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chhedi Lal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-CRMCH, National Institute of Immunohaematology , Chandrapur Unit, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, 442406 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Guan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, 361021 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Qiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, 361021 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan R","family":"Wyrsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo E","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute , Beit Dagan, 50250 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