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Using an integrative approach that combines field experimentation, extensive global metagenomic data, and isotope labelling, we analysed 84 soil microbiomes from a long-term successional site and 755 global metagenomes to investigate microbial community dynamics and their role in carbon fixation. Based on field data, bacteria, fungi, and protists had synchronous succession with vegetation; however, the relative abundance of carbon fixation genes declined significantly in later successional stages. To further investigate this outcome, we analysed global data from planted and mature natural forests and found significantly higher carbon fixation potential in planted forests, predominantly driven by Pseudomonadota and Actinomycota members. Field-based 13C labelling results further confirmed a significant decline in microbial CO\u2082 fixation rates with forest succession. These findings underscore the ecological importance of microbial carbon fixation in early forest succession, emphasizing its foundational role in initiating soil carbon accumulation and shaping long-term carbon cycling trajectories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T11:40:31Z","timestamp":1755949231000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multi-scale evidence for declining microbial carbon fixation along forest succession gradients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Yi-Dan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"National Ecological Science Data Center 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