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Experimental investigation of BEVs in laboratory model systems indicates that these nanoparticles may play a number of roles in the ecophysiology of marine bacterial communities, but their functional potential in the environment remains unclear. Here we describe the proteomic composition of BEV populations over more than 5000 nautical miles of surface waters in the South Pacific, linking BEV cargoes to the bacterial communities producing them. The presence of marine BEVs was consistently observed across a range of biogeochemical conditions, with an overall abundance comparable to that of bacterial cells (up to 108 BEVs L\u22121). The protein cargo of marine BEVs, however, differed significantly among ocean regions. The BEV populations were enriched in carbohydrate transporters under phytoplankton bloom conditions, and contained iron uptake-related proteins in nutrient-limited waters. These data suggest that BEVs could enable cells to perform key extracellular functions in the marine environment. Our observations highlight the ubiquity of marine BEVs and biogeographic patterns in their ecological potential across oceanic scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrag171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:52:52Z","timestamp":1783572772000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial extracellular vesicles exhibit distinct functional potential across biogeographic provinces of the South Pacific Ocean"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2289-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Fadeev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna , 1030 Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neza","family":"Orel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology , 6330 Piran ,","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinkara","family":"Tinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology , 6330 Piran ,","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6355-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Afjehi-Sadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Unit, Research Support Facilities, University of Vienna , 1030 Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research , 24148 Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research , 24148 Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research , 24148 Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric P","family":"Achterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research , 24148 Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College , 02481 Wellesley ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. 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