{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:00:27Z","timestamp":1790427627109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":189,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health issue. The unregulated use of antibiotics in some regions of Sub-Saharan Africa make AMR emergence a prominent problem. Complex human-animal interfaces in these regions are hypothesized to create opportunities to transmit AMR, both in the form of resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, assessing the spread of ARGs into wildlife populations is complicated by naturally occurring resistance. Here, we use a longitudinal approach to explore whether the widespread use of antimicrobial compounds in West Africa was accompanied by an increase of ARGs in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Ta\u00ef National Park (TNP), C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the largest remaining piece of primary rainforest in West Africa. We analyzed 410 fecal samples from three groups collected over 17\u00a0years using hybridization capture and high-throughput sequencing to screen for over 2000 ARGs. Both ARG abundance and the diversity of AMR classes increased. Results provide clear evidence of an increase of ARGs in this remote wild chimpanzee population during a period when ARGs increased regionally and across the globe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrag179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:57:58Z","timestamp":1783511878000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accumulation of antimicrobial resistance genes in wild chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Coch Tanguy Floyde","family":"Tanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Animal Ecology, Research Institute for Tropical Ecology (IRET\/CENAREST) , Libreville BP 13354 ,","place":["Gabon"]},{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Benjamin","family":"Stielow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020-A Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5514-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Eger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schaufler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"University Medicine Greifswald , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan E","family":"Heiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liran","family":"Samuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Evolution Laboratory, German Primate Center , Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37083 G\u00f6ttingen, Niedersachsen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Ta\u00ef Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques , 01 BP 1303 Abidjan ,","place":["C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Crockford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ta\u00ef Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques , 01 BP 1303 Abidjan ,","place":["C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"]},{"name":"The Ape Social Mind Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS University of Lyon , 69500 Lyon, Bron ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Deschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative BioCognition, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabr\u00fcck , 49076 Osnabr\u00fcck, Niedersachsen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology , 04103 Leipzig, Sachsen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Makouloutou-Nzassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Animal Ecology, Research Institute for Tropical Ecology (IRET\/CENAREST) , Libreville BP 13354 ,","place":["Gabon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigue","family":"Mintsa-Nguema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Animal Ecology, Research Institute for Tropical Ecology (IRET\/CENAREST) , Libreville BP 13354 ,","place":["Gabon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman M","family":"Wittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ta\u00ef Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques , 01 BP 1303 Abidjan ,","place":["C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"]},{"name":"The Ape Social Mind Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS University of Lyon , 69500 Lyon, Bron ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Calvignac-Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian H","family":"Leendertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Ta\u00ef Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques , 01 BP 1303 Abidjan ,","place":["C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan F","family":"Gogarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for One Health (HIOH), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 17489 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of 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