{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:43:11Z","timestamp":1789922591845,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":208,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Symbiosis in Aquatic Systems Initiative","award":["GBMF9203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9203"]}]},{"name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory \u03bcBiospheres SFA","award":["SCW1039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCW1039"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory FICUS","award":["60010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60010"]}]},{"name":"Branco Weiss Fellowship - Society in Science"},{"name":"US National Institute of Health T32 Genetic Dissection of Cells and Organisms","award":["1T32GM132022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1T32GM132022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga long studied as a biological model system but rarely considered from the perspective of its own ecology, thus epitomizing the disconnection between reductionist biology in the laboratory and life in nature. Here, we present insights into its ecology, understood from field strains. We examined bacterial communities that coenriched with C. reinhardtii from the field, revealing specific associations. We then compared the biology of C. reinhardtii field strains to laboratory strains, illuminating strain-level heterogeneity and adaptations to life in the field vs. the laboratory. Field strains exhibited more robust photosynthesis, higher abundances of pherophorin proteins, a propensity for palmelloid formation, and high cell wall permeability. Finally, we phenotyped cocultures of C. reinhardtii with a coenriched bacterial partner, demonstrating how differences between field and laboratory strains manifest in biotic interactions. Although the organisms in question are classically understood as unicellular, our observations of field strains highlighted their participation in multicellular units, challenging the utility of unicellular frameworks in extending our knowledge of model organism biology in the laboratory towards understanding microbial ecology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrag202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:14:34Z","timestamp":1785237274000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Field strains of the unicellular alga\n                    <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/i>\n                    exhibit multicellular characteristics that shape their interactions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-6788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usha Farey","family":"Lingappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, 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States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5843-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jude Lange","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Tzu En","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5627-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan L","family":"Chastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Perrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6262-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory J","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie D","family":"Nicora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA 99352 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel O","family":"Purvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA 99352 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2594-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabeeha S","family":"Merchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute for 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