{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:18:25Z","timestamp":1783477105819,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.6.817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T22:24:55Z","timestamp":1027722295000},"page":"817-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Fluconazole, with or without dexamethasone for experimental cryptococcosis: impact of treatment timing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marl\u00e8ne","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Soreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luce","family":"Improvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Ronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Petitjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Tod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Dromer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell, T. G. & Perfect, J. R. (1995). Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS\u2014 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans.Clinical Microbiology Reviews 8 , 515 \u2013 48.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powderly, W. G. (1996). Recent advances in the management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases 22 , Suppl. 2,S119 \u2013 23.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.Supplement_2.S119"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saag, M. S., Powderly, W. G., Cloud, G. A., Robinson, P., Grieco, M. H., Sharkey, P. K. et al. (1992). Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. New England Journal of Medicine 326 , 83 \u2013 9.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201093260202"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Horst, C. M., Saag, M. S., Cloud, G. A., Hamill, R. J., Graybill, J. R., Sobel, J. D. et al. (1997). Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 337 , 15 \u2013 21.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707033370103"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dromer, F., Mathoulin, S., Dupont, B. & Laporte, A. (1996). Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in France: a nine year survey (1985- 1993). Clinical Infectious Diseases 23 , 82 \u2013 90.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.1.82"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palou de Fernandez, E., Patino, M. M., Graybill, J. R. & Tarbit, M. H. (1986). Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in mice with fluconazole. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 18 , 261 \u2013 70.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/18.2.261"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, M. H., Najvar, L. K., Yu, C. Y. & Graybill, J. R. (1997). Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in the murine model of cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41 , 1120 \u2013 3.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.1120"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troke, P. F., Andrews, R. J., Marriott, M. S. & Richardson, K. (1987). Efficacy of fluconazole (UK-49,858) against experimental aspergillosis and cryptococcosis in mice. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 19 , 663 \u2013 70.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/19.5.663"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, J. C., Bauer, M., Diamond, D. M., Leal, M. A., Johnson, D., Williams, B. K. et al. (1997). Effect of severity of meningitis on fungicidal activity of flucytosine combined with fluconazole in a murine model of cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41 , 1589 \u2013 93.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.7.1589"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R10","unstructured":"Graybill, J. R., Sobel, J., Saag, M., van der Horst, C., Powderly, W., Cloud, G. et al. (1997). Cerebrospinal fluid hypertension in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. In Program and Abstracts of the Thirty-Seventh Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,Toronto. Abstract I-153, pp. 271. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denning, D. W., Armstrong, R. W., Lewis, B. H. & Stevens, D. A. (1991). Elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressures in patients with cryptococcal meningitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. American Journal of Medicine 91 , 267 \u2013 72.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90126-I"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey, D. R. & Stevens, J. P. (1995). What is the role of corticosteroids in meningitis? Drugs 50 , 945 \u2013 50.","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199550060-00002"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paris, M. M., Hickey, S. M., Uscher, M. I., Shelton, S., Olsen, K. D. & McCracken, G. H. (1994). Effect of dexamethasone on therapy of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38 , 1320 \u2013 4.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.6.1320"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabellos, C., Martinez-Lacasa, J., Martos, A., Tubau, F. E., Fernandez, A., Viladrich, P. F. et al. (1995). Influence of dexamethasone on efficacy of ceftriaxone and vancomycin therapy in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39 , 2158 \u2013 60.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.9.2158"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez, A. F., Kaplan, S. L., Hawkins, E. P. & Mason, E. O. (1991). Effect of dexamethasone or HWA-138 in combination with antibiotics in experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 35 , 1980 \u2013 4.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.10.1980"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u00e4uber, M. G., Khayam-Bashi, H. & Sande, M. A. (1985). Effect of ampicillin and corticosteroids on brain water content, cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 151 , 528 \u2013 34.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.3.528"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Hermoso, D., Dromer, F., Improvisi, L., Provost, F. & Dupont, B. (1995). Fluconazole concentrations in saliva from AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidosis refractory to treatment with fluconazole. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39 , 656 \u2013 60.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.3.656"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dromer, F. & Charreire, J. (1991). Improved amphotericin B activity by a monoclonal anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody: study during murine cryptococcosis and mechanisms of action. Journal of Infectious Diseases 163 , 1114 \u2013 20.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.5.1114"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humphrey, M. J., Jevons, S. & Tarbit, M. H. (1985). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of UK-49,858, a metabolically stable triazole antifungal drug, in animals and humans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 28 , 648 \u2013 53.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.5.648"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thaler, F., Bernard, B., Tod, M., Jedynak, C. P., Petitjean, O., Derome, P. et al. (1995). Fluconazole penetration in cerebral parenchyma in humans at steady state. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39 , 1154 \u2013 6.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.5.1154"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ripley, B. D. & Thompson, M. (1987). Regression techniques for the detection of analytical bias. Analyst 112 , 377 \u2013 83.","DOI":"10.1039\/an9871200377"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemons, K. V., Brummer, E. & Stevens, D. A. (1994). Cytokine treatment of central nervous system infection: efficacy of interleukin-12 alone and synergy with conventional antifungal therapy in experimental cryptococcosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38 , 460 \u2013 4.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.3.460"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee, J., Zuckier, L. S., Scharff, M. D. & Casadevall, A. (1994). Therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan alone and in combination with amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38 , 580 \u2013 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.3.580"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katarlija, M., Kaye, K., Tureen, J. H., Liu, Q., T\u00e4uber, M. G., Elliott, B. R. et al. (1996). Treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis with fluconazole: impact of dose and addition of flucytosine on mycologic and pathophysiologic outcome. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173 , 1216 \u2013 21.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.5.1216"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debruyne, D. (1997). Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in superficial and systemic mycoses. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 33 , 52 \u2013 77.","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199733010-00005"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perfect, J. R., Savani, D. V. & Durack, D. T. (1986). Comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole in treatment of cryptococcal meningitis and Candida pyelonephritis in rabbits. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 29 , 579 \u2013 83.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.4.579"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velez, J. D., Allendoerfer, R., Luther, M., Rinaldi, M. G. & Graybill, J. R. (1993). Correlation of in-vitro azole susceptibility with in-vivo response in a murine model of cryptococcal meningitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168 , 508 \u2013 10.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.2.508"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, S. M. & Clissold, S. P. (1990). Fluconazole: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in superficial and systemic mycoses. Drugs 39 , 877 \u2013 916.","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199039060-00006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rex, J. H., Hanson, L. H., Amantea, M. A., Stevens, D. A. & Bennett, J. E. (1991). Standardization of a fluconazole bioassay and correlation of results with those obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 35 , 846 \u2013 50.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.5.846"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rex, J. H., Pfaller, M. A., Galgiani, J. N., Bartlett, M. S., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Ghannoum, M. A. et al. (1997). Development of interpretative breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro -in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and Candida infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases 24 , 235 \u2013 47.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.235"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Soto-Hernandez, J. L., Angeles-Morales, V., Teixeira, F., Nava-ruiz, C., Rios, C. et al. (1996). Effects of pentoxifylline or dexamethasone in combination with amphotericin B in experimental murine cerebral cryptococcosis: evidence of neuroexcitatory pathogenic mechanisms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40 , 1194 \u2013 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1194"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syrogiannopoulos, G. A., Olsen, K. D., Reisch, J. S. & McCracken, G. H. (1987). Dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 155 , 213 \u2013 9.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.2.213"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odio, C. M., Faingezicht, I., Paris, M., Nassar, M., Baltodano, A., Rogers, J. et al. (1991). The beneficial effects of early dexamethasone administration in infants and children with bacterial meningitis. New England Journal of Medicine 324 , 1525 \u2013 31.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105303242201"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madu, A., Cioffe, C., Mian, U., Burroughs, M., Tuomanen, E., Mayers, M. et al. (1994). Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of rabbits: validation of an animal model used to measure drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38 , 2111 \u2013 5.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2111"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischman, A. J., Alpert, N. M., Livni, E., Ray, S., Sinclair, I., Callahan, R. J. et al. (1993). Pharmacokinetics of 18F-labeled fluconazole in healthy human subjects by positron emission tomography. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37 , 1270 \u2013 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.6.1270"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170411034757_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh, T. J., Foulds, G. & Pizzo, P. A. (1989). Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of fluconazole in rabbits. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 33 , 467 \u2013 9.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.4.467"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/43\/6\/817\/13056701\/JAC436817.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T08:23:41Z","timestamp":1583310221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/43.6.817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/43.6.817","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2091","0305-7453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}}}