{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:23:01Z","timestamp":1778653381367,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche sur le SIDA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"EPIICAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the perspective of ART-free HIV remission, vertically infected children treated with suppressive ART from early infancy represent an optimal population model to better understand the genetic complexity of the reservoir.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the proportion of defective viral population and the genotypic resistance patterns in cell-associated HIV DNA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a cohort including 93 ART-treated vertically HIV-infected (VHIV) children in Mali with plasma HIV-1 RNA \u226450\u2009copies\/mL for at least 6\u2009months, we studied total HIV DNA, percentage of defective genomes and resistance by reverse transcriptase and protease bulk sequencing from whole blood in dried blood spots.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children had a median age of 9.9\u2009years at the time of inclusion (IQR\u2009=\u20097.6\u201313.4) and 3.3\u2009years (IQR\u2009=\u20092\u20137) at ART initiation; median ART duration was 5.5\u2009years (IQR\u2009=\u20093.7\u20137.3). The median level of total HIV DNA was 470\u2009copies\/106\u2009cells with one patient presenting undetectable HIV DNA (&amp;lt;66\u2009copies\/106\u2009cells). We observed the presence of at least one stop codon in viruses from 34 patients (37%). The presence of stop codons was not correlated with the level of HIV DNA or duration of ART. We showed a high prevalence of HIV-1 resistance in DNA with 26% of children harbouring virus resistant to at least one NRTI and 40% to at least one NNRTI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While these VHIV children were successfully treated for a long time, they showed high prevalence of resistance in HIV DNA and a moderate defective HIV reservoir.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T12:37:17Z","timestamp":1579610237000},"page":"1272-1279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of drug resistance and the defective HIV reservoir in virally suppressed vertically infected children in Mali"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Josephine","family":"Brice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Department of Virology, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Sylla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Desire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Department of Virology, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Sayon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Department of Virology, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatoumata","family":"Telly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Mol\u00e9culaire de la R\u00e9sistance du VIH aux ARV, SEREFO, FMOS, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djeneba","family":"Bocar-Fofana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Department of Virology, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 N. 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