{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:14:23Z","timestamp":1783977263678,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health"},{"name":"Human Development","award":["1R01HD085887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD085887"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AI124965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AI124965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI06701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI06701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K23AI134307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23AI134307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transwomen have an increased risk of HIV acquisition compared with other adults. Drug\u2013drug interactions between pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and gender-affirming therapy are cited as a reason for poor PrEP uptake among transwomen. We evaluated plasma tenofovir and emtricitabine pharmacokinetics and their active intracellular anabolites, tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate, in transwomen receiving feminizing hormones.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled HIV-negative transwomen (\u226519\u2009years) not receiving PrEP. Participants took oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/emtricitabine 300\/200\u2009mg daily for 14\u2009days. Plasma was collected at 0\u2009h (pre-dose), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12\u2009h on day 14 post-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/emtricitabine dose. The plasma AUC0\u201324 was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and compared with historical HIV-negative cisgender adults as geometric mean ratios (GMRs, 90% CI). Secondarily, tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate from PBMCs collected at 0\u2009h and 12\u2009h were reported descriptively as geometric means (90% CI). Clinical trials registration: NCT03270969.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 15 transwomen (mean age 32\u2009years), geometric mean tenofovir and emtricitabine plasma AUC0\u201324 were lower compared with controls: tenofovir, 2.10 versus 2.76\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L, GMR 0.76 (0.65\u20130.90), P\u2009=\u20090.01; emtricitabine, 9.15 versus 10.64\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L, GMR 0.86 (0.75\u20130.98), P\u2009=\u20090.07. Tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate concentrations were higher than previously reported in the literature: 167.1 (146.6\u2013190.5) fmol\/106 cells and 15.4 (13.8\u201317.3) pmol\/106 cells, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed lower plasma tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations in transwomen compared with historical cisgender adults, yet intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate concentrations were higher than previously reported in PBMCs. Understanding the differences of PrEP pharmacokinetics in plasma and tissue compartments and the resultant impact on efficacy remains important for transwomen.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T20:12:15Z","timestamp":1578946335000},"page":"1242-1249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in transgender women receiving feminizing hormone therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9115-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren R","family":"Cirrincione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony T","family":"Podany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P","family":"Havens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara H","family":"Bares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shetty Ravi","family":"Dyavar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6974-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeongjin","family":"Gwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanner M","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N Jean","family":"Amoura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney V","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly K","family":"Scarsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 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