{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:15:54Z","timestamp":1760015754826,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["170461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["170461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI147331-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI147331-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-1 integrase inhibitors are recommended as first-line therapy by WHO, though efficacy and resistance data for non-B subtypes are limited. Two recent trials have identified the integrase L74I mutation to be associated with integrase inhibitor treatment failure in HIV-1 non-B subtypes. We sought to define the prevalence of integrase resistance mutations, including L74I, in West Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied a Nigerian cohort of recipients prior to and during receipt of second-line PI-based therapy, who were integrase inhibitor-naive. Illumina next-generation sequencing with target enrichment was used on stored plasma samples. Drug resistance was interpreted using the Stanford Resistance Database and the IAS-USA 2019 mutation lists.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 115 individuals, 59.1% harboured CRF02_AG HIV-1 and 40.9% harboured subtype G HIV-1. Four participants had major IAS-USA integrase resistance-associated mutations detected at low levels (2%\u20135% frequency). Two had Q148K minority variants and two had R263K (one of whom also had L74I). L74I was detected in plasma samples at over 2% frequency in 40% (46\/115). Twelve (26.1%) had low-level minority variants of between 2% and 20% of the viral population sampled. The remaining 34 (73.9%) had L74I present at &amp;gt;20% frequency. L74I was more common among those with subtype G infection (55.3%, 26\/47) than those with CRF02_AG infection (29.4%, 20\/68) (P\u2009=\u20090.005).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-1 subtypes circulating in West Africa appear to have very low prevalence of major integrase mutations, but significant prevalence of L74I. A combination of in vitro and clinical studies is warranted to understand the potential implications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T12:37:17Z","timestamp":1579610237000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High prevalence of integrase mutation L74I in West African HIV-1 subtypes prior to integrase inhibitor treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Kate","family":"El Bouzidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven A","family":"Kemp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rawlings P","family":"Datir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fati","family":"Murtala-Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Kwaghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Frampton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, 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