{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:28:53Z","timestamp":1776878933689,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MIUR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M8R7N9_00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9_00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AVIRALIA Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated natural resistance to the new antiretroviral fostemsavir and its potential association with other HIV-1 gp120 polymorphisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1997 HIV-1 B subtype gp120 sequences from the Los Alamos HIV Database were analysed for mutation prevalence at fostemsavir resistance-associated positions and potential association with other gp120 polymorphisms. The role of each fostemsavir resistance-related position and the correlated gp120 mutations, both in protein stability and in reducing the binding affinity between antibody and\/or T cell lymphocyte epitopes and the MHC molecules, was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of fostemsavir resistance mutations was as follows: L116Q (0.05%), S375H\/M\/T (0.55%\/1.35%\/17.73%, the latter being far less relevant in determining resistance), M426L (7.56%), M434I (4.21%) and M475I (1.65%). Additionally, the M426R polymorphism had a prevalence of 16.32%. A significantly higher prevalence in X4 viruses versus R5 viruses was found only for S375M (0.69% versus 3.93%, P\u2009=\u20090.009) and S375T (16.60% versus 22.11%, P\u2009=\u20090.030). Some fostemsavirv resistance positions positively and significantly correlated with specific gp120 polymorphisms: S375T with I371V; S375M with L134W, I154V and I323T; M475I with K322A; and M426R with G167N, K192T and S195N. The topology of the dendrogram suggested the existence of three distinct clusters (bootstrap \u22650.98) involving these fostemsavir resistance mutations and gp120 polymorphisms. Interestingly, all clustered mutations are localized in class I\/II-restricted T cell\/antibody epitopes, suggesting a potential role in immune HIV escape.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A low prevalence of known fostemsavir resistance mutations was found in the HIV-1 B subtype. The detection of novel HIV-1 gp120 polymorphisms potentially relevant for fostemsavir resistance deserves new in-depth in vitro investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T20:09:43Z","timestamp":1581365383000},"page":"1778-1786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Identification of gp120 polymorphisms in HIV-1 B subtype potentially associated with resistance to fostemsavir"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yagai","family":"Bouba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Berno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u2018L. 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