{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T14:29:19Z","timestamp":1789223359304,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI113185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI113185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ceftriaxone is the only consistently active antimicrobial agent recommended for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Although some new antimicrobials are in development, the necessity to expand treatment options in the near term may require using older drugs that have not been widely used to treat gonorrhoea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a literature review of clinical trials and case series, published from 1983 to 2017, reporting treatment efficacy results following administration of 1\u2009g aztreonam intramuscularly or IV for uncomplicated gonococcal infections. We summed trial data, stratified by anatomical site of infection, and calculated summary efficacy estimates and 95% CI for each site of infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 10 identified clinical trials enrolled 678, 38 and 16 individuals with urogenital, rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea, respectively. Aztreonam had an efficacy of 98.6% (95% CI: 97.5%\u201399.4%) for urogenital, 94.7% (95% CI: 82.3%\u201399.4%) for rectal and 81.3% (95% CI: 54.4%\u201396.0%) for pharyngeal gonococcal infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although most clinical trials included in this meta-analysis were conducted &amp;gt;30\u2009years ago, aztreonam appears to have excellent efficacy for urogenital gonorrhoea; its efficacy at extragenital sites remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T12:24:43Z","timestamp":1583497483000},"page":"1685-1688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Aztreonam for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Lindley A","family":"Barbee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"},{"name":"Public Health \u2013 Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, WA, 325 9th Ave, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Golden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"},{"name":"Public Health \u2013 Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, WA, 325 9th Ave, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 325 9th Ave, Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061904541442900_dkaa108-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9496-0_3","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and treatment of gonorrhea","volume":"1997","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2020061904541442900_dkaa108-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70143-9","article-title":"Decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins among gonococci: data from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in England and Wales, 2007-2011","volume":"13","author":"Ison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020061904541442900_dkaa108-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz170","article-title":"Widespread use of high-dose ceftriaxone therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea without reported ceftriaxone treatment failure: results from 5 years of multicenter surveillance data in China","volume":"70","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020061904541442900_dkaa108-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii=1800323","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.1800323","article-title":"Gonorrhoea treatment failure caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with combined ceftriaxone and high-level azithromycin resistance, England, February 2018","volume":"23","author":"Eyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2020061904541442900_dkaa108-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1512757","article-title":"Failure of dual antimicrobial therapy in treatment of gonorrhea","volume":"374","author":"Fifer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J 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