{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:03:29Z","timestamp":1753877009499,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To obtain comprehensive insight into the association of ciprofloxacin use at different times in the past with the current risk of detecting resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective nested case\u2013control study of ciprofloxacin users used Dutch data from the PHARMO Database Network and one laboratory for the period 2003\u201314. Cases and controls were selected as patients with an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) indicating ciprofloxacin resistance or susceptibility, respectively. We performed univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses, defining time-dependent exposure using standard definitions (current ciprofloxacin use, used 0\u201330, 31\u201390, 91\u2013180 and 181\u2013360\u2009days ago) and a flexible weighted cumulative effect (WCE) model with four alternative time windows of past doses (0\u201330, 0\u201390, 0\u2013180 and 0\u2013360\u2009days).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study population consisted of 230 cases and 909 controls. Under the standard exposure definitions, the association of ciprofloxacin use with resistance decreased with time [current use: adjusted OR 6.8 (95% CI 3.6\u201312.4); used 181\u2013360\u2009days ago: 1.3 (0.8\u20131.9)]. Under the 90\u2009day WCE model (best-fitting model), more recent doses were more strongly associated with resistance than past doses, as was longer or repeated treatment. The 180\u2009day WCE model, which fitted the data equally well, suggested that doses taken 91\u2013180\u2009days ago were also significantly associated with resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The estimates for the association between ciprofloxacin use at different times and resistance show that ciprofloxacin prescribers should consider ciprofloxacin use 0\u2013180\u2009days ago to ensure that patients receive suitable treatment. The OR of ciprofloxacin resistance could be reduced by eliminating repeated ciprofloxacin prescription within 180\u2009days and by treating for no longer than necessary.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T12:09:46Z","timestamp":1585397386000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determination of the time-dependent association between ciprofloxacin consumption and ciprofloxacin resistance using a weighted cumulative exposure model compared with standard models"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5107-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolina D","family":"van Gaalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wieke","family":"Altorf-van der Kuil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjolijn C A","family":"Wegdam-Blans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PAMM Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Veldhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M","family":"Aguilar Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9488-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Eve","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda E","family":"Chaname Pinedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine C","family":"de Greeff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1725-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacco","family":"Wallinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020051411180474100_dkaa141-B1"},{"key":"2020051411180474100_dkaa141-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00546","article-title":"Interplay of the quality of ciprofloxacin and antibiotic resistance in developing countries","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front 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