{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:17:20Z","timestamp":1777555040446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Physicians of Las Palmas"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>MDR bacterial infections are currently a serious problem for clinicians worldwide. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp., among Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are part of the group of ESCAPE pathogens or bacteria that \u2018escape\u2019 from common antibacterial treatments. The lack of effectiveness of the first common line of antibiotics has led to the search for new therapies based on older antibiotics, such as colistin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched for new enhancers of the action of colistin against MDR Gram-negative bacteria that can be easily applicable to clinical treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Colistin MICs were determined alone and with the protonophores CCCP, sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and aspirin using the broth microdilution method and FIC indexes were calculated to assess synergy between colistin and each chemical. Time\u2013kill assays of colistin with and without protonophores were performed to determine the bactericidal action of combinations of colistin with protonophores. Likewise, the effect of sucrose, l-arginine and l-glutamic acid on the MICs of colistin alone and combined with each protonophore was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was found that sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and aspirin, at concentrations allowed for human and animal use, partially or totally reversed resistance to colistin in P. aeruginosa and highly resistant enterobacterial strains. The mechanism of action could be related to their negative charge at a physiological pH along with their lipid-soluble character.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and aspirin are good enhancers to use in antibiotic therapies that include colistin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T19:14:39Z","timestamp":1596654879000},"page":"3568-3575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Aspirin, sodium benzoate and sodium salicylate reverse resistance to colistin in Enterobacteriaceae and<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Cristina F","family":"Malla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia A","family":"Mireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana S","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 B","family":"Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M","family":"Tav\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020111305063350900_dkaa371-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071781","article-title":"Two component regulatory systems and antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"20","author":"Bhagirath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2020111305063350900_dkaa371-B2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Clinical management of infections caused 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