{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:09:04Z","timestamp":1780369744197,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009068","name":"University of Bern","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1.18.10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.18.10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To analyse macrolide resistance in a Macrococcus canis strain isolated from a dog with an ear infection, and determine whether the resistance mechanism is also present in other bacteria, and associated with mobile genetic elements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The whole genome of M. canis Epi0082 was sequenced using PacBio and Illumina technologies. Novel macrolide resistance determinants were identified through bioinformatic analysis, and functionality was demonstrated by expression in Staphylococcus aureus. Mobile genetic elements containing the novel genes were analysed in silico for strain Epi0082 as well as in other bacterial strains deposited in GenBank.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>M. canis Epi0082 contained a 3212\u2009bp operon with the novel macrolide resistance genes mef(F) and msr(G) encoding a efflux protein and an ABC-F ribosomal protection protein, respectively. Cloning in S. aureus confirmed that both genes individually confer resistance to the 14- and 15-membered ring macrolides erythromycin and azithromycin, but not the 16-membered ring macrolide tylosin. A reduced susceptibility to the streptogramin B pristinamycin IA was additionally observed when msr(G) was expressed in S. aureus under erythromycin induction. Epi0082 carried the mef(F)\u2013msr(G) operon together with the chloramphenicol resistance gene fexB in a novel 39\u2009302\u2009bp plasmid pMiCAN82a. The mef(F)\u2013msr(G) operon was also found in macrolide-resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus strains in the GenBank database, but was situated in the chromosome as part of a novel 13\u2009820\u2009bp or 13\u2009894\u2009bp transposon Tn6776.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The identification of mef(F) and msr(G) on different mobile genetic elements in Macrococcus species indicates that these genes hold potential for further dissemination of resistance to the clinically important macrolides in the bacterial population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T19:23:28Z","timestamp":1599679408000},"page":"48-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The novel macrolide resistance genes <i>mef<\/i>(F) and <i>msr<\/i>(G) are located on a plasmid in <i>Macrococcus canis<\/i> and a transposon in <i>Macrococcus caseolyticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Javier Eduardo","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Perreten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sybille","family":"Schwendener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 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