{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:09:34Z","timestamp":1790291374237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Summit Therapeutics Inc."},{"name":"Early Career Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health & Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea in high-income countries. Fluoroquinolone resistance enabled the emergence and intercontinental spread of the epidemic ribotype (RT) 027 strain of C. difficile in the early 2000s. Despite frequent inappropriate antimicrobial use in Asia, RT 027 is rarely isolated in the region, but the often fluoroquinolone- and clindamycin-resistant RT 017 strain predominates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ridinilazole, a novel antimicrobial agent with highly specific activity for C. difficile, against clinical strains of C. difficile from Asia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>C. difficile strains from Japan (n\u200a=\u200a64), South Korea (n\u200a=\u200a32) and China (n\u200a=\u200a44) were tested by the agar dilution method for susceptibility to ridinilazole, metronidazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, rifaximin and fidaxomicin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All strains were susceptible to ridinilazole, with low MICs (0.03\u20130.25\u2009mg\/L). Several strains showed multiresistance profiles, particularly RT 017 (100% clindamycin resistant, 91.3% moxifloxacin resistant, 82.6% rifaximin resistant) and RT 369 (94.4% clindamycin resistant, 100% moxifloxacin resistant). Rifaximin resistance was absent in all strains from Japan. Multiresistance to clindamycin, moxifloxacin and rifaximin was found in 19 RT 017 strains (from China and South Korea), 2 RT 001 strains (South Korea) and 1 RT 046 strain (South Korea).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ridinilazole showed potent activity against a range of Asian C. difficile strains, which otherwise frequently displayed resistance to several comparator antimicrobial agents. Ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profiles is required to monitor and control the spread of resistant strains.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T12:09:56Z","timestamp":1606997396000},"page":"967-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ridinilazole and six comparators against Chinese, Japanese and South Korean strains of <i>Clostridioides difficile<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6754-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deirdre A","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tateda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Vickers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Summit Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas V","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031209280389500_dkaa522-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.25","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and understanding transmission","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021031209280389500_dkaa522-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.10.023","article-title":"Clostridium difficile and One Health","volume":"26","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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