{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1793463899718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resistance to tetracyclines, the first-line treatment for urogenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species, is increasing worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the global status of resistance to this class of antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic databases were searched using keywords including \u2018Mycoplasma\u2019, \u2018Mycoplasma hominis\u2019, \u2018M. hominis\u2019, \u2018Ureaplasma\u2019, \u2018Ureaplasma urealyticum\u2019, \u2018Ureaplasma parvum\u2019, \u2018U. urealyticum\u2019, \u2018U. parvum\u2019, \u2018Ureaplasma species\u2019, \u2018resistance\u2019, \u2018antibiotic resistance\u2019, \u2018antibiotic susceptibility\u2019, \u2018antimicrobial resistance\u2019, \u2018antimicrobial susceptibility\u2019, \u2018tetracycline\u2019, \u2018doxycycline\u2019 and \u2018minocycline\u2019. Finally, after some exclusions, 37 studies from different countries were included in the study and meta-analysis was performed on the data collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The midrange resistance rates for M. hominis and U. urealyticum\/parvum to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline were 50.0%, 9.0% and 16.7% and 43.3%, 28.6% and 9.0%, respectively. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in all studies (I2\u200a&amp;gt;\u200a50%, P value\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.05), except those representing doxycycline resistance in M. hominis isolates (I2\u200a=\u200a39.1%, P\u200a\u200a=\u200a0.02). No evidence of publication bias was observed in the studies and neither Egger\u2019s test nor Begg\u2019s test showed significant publication bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study show that the overall resistance to tetracyclines is relatively high and prevalent among M. hominis and Ureaplasma species throughout the world. This highlights the importance of and necessity for regional and local antibiotic susceptibility testing before treatment choice as well as development of newer generations of tetracyclines to prevent antibiotic misuse, emergence and spread of resistant strains and, finally, the failure of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T20:17:54Z","timestamp":1607458674000},"page":"865-875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Resistance to tetracyclines among clinical isolates of<i>Mycoplasma hominis<\/i>and<i>Ureaplasma<\/i>species: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7011-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad H","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, 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