{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:17:07Z","timestamp":1780589827095,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research"},{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Management"},{"name":"University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transition to dolutegravir-based regimens in resource-limited settings (RLS) requires prior understanding of HIV-1 integrase variants and conserved regions. Therefore, we evaluated integrase drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and conserved regions amongst integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-naive patients harbouring diverse HIV-1 clades in Cameroon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 918 INSTI-naive patients from Cameroon (89 ART-naive and 829 ART-experienced patients). HIV-1 sequences were interpreted regarding INSTI-DRMs using the Stanford HIVdb v8.9-1 and the 2019 IAS\u2013USA list. Amino acid positions with &amp;lt;1% variability were considered as highly conserved. Subtyping was performed by phylogeny.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall prevalence (95% CI) of INSTI-DRMs was 0.8% (0.4\u20131.7), with 0.0% (0.0\u20134.0) amongst ART-naive versus 0.9% (0.5\u20131.9) amongst ART-experienced patients; P\u200a=\u200a0.44. Accessory mutations (95% CI) were found in 33.8% (30.9\u201337.0), with 38.2% (28.1\u201349.1) amongst ART-naive versus 33.4% (30.4\u201336.7) amongst ART-experienced patients; P\u200a=\u200a0.21. Of 288 HIV-1 integrase amino acid positions, 58.3% were highly conserved across subtypes in the following major regions: V75\u2013G82, E85\u2013P90, H114\u2013G118, K127\u2013W132, E138\u2013G149, Q168\u2013L172, T174\u2013V180, W235\u2013A239 and L241\u2013D253. Wide genetic diversity was found (37 clades), including groups M (92.3%), N (1.4%), O (6.2%) and P (0.1%). Amongst group M, CRF02_AG was predominant (47.4%), with a significantly higher frequency (95% CI) of accessory mutations compared with non-AG [41.4% (36.8\u201346.0) versus 27.1% (23.3\u201331.2) respectively; P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.001].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The low baseline of INSTI-DRMs (&amp;lt;1%) in Cameroon suggests effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens. In spite of high conservation across clades, the variability of accessory mutations between major circulating strains underscores the need for monitoring the selection of INSTI-DRMs while scaling up dolutegravir-based regimens in RLS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T21:13:04Z","timestamp":1609881184000},"page":"1277-1285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Baseline integrase drug resistance mutations and conserved regions across HIV-1 clades in Cameroon: implications for transition to dolutegravir in resource-limited settings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni","family":"Semengue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of 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Mercedes","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Dambaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9","family":"Takou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Teto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology 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