{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:43:08Z","timestamp":1772818988300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n General de Redes y Centros de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases","award":["16\/0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/0016"]}]},{"name":"European Development Regional Fund"},{"name":"Europe\u2019 and the Programa integral de prevenci\u00f3n"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the proficiency of microbiology laboratories in Spain in antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Staphylococcus spp.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight Staphylococcus spp. with different resistance mechanisms were selected: six Staphylococcus aureus (CC-01\/mecA, CC-02\/mecC, CC-03\/BORSA, CC-04\/MLSBi, CC-06\/blaZ and CC-07\/linezolid resistant, cfr); one Staphylococcus epidermidis (CC-05\/linezolid resistant, 23S rRNA mutation); and one Staphylococcus capitis (CC-08\/daptomycin non-susceptible). Fifty-one laboratories were asked to report: (i) AST system used; (ii) antimicrobial MICs; (iii) breakpoints used (CLSI or EUCAST); and (iv) clinical category. Minor, major and very major errors (mEs, MEs and VMEs, respectively) were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The greatest MIC discrepancies found were: (i) by AST method: 19.4% (gradient diffusion); (ii) by antimicrobial agent: daptomycin (21.3%) and oxacillin (20.6%); and (iii) by isolate: CC-07\/cfr (48.0%). The greatest error rates were: (i) by AST method: gradient diffusion (4.3% and 5.1% VMEs, using EUCAST and CLSI, respectively); (ii) by breakpoint: 3.8% EUCAST and 2.3% CLSI; (iii) by error type: mEs (0.8% EUCAST and 1.0% CLSI), MEs (1.8% EUCAST and 0.7% CLSI) and VMEs (1.2% EUCAST and 0.6% CLSI); (iii) by antimicrobial agent: VMEs (4.7% linezolid and 4.3% oxacillin using EUCAST); MEs (14.3% fosfomycin, 9.1% tobramycin and 5.7% gentamicin using EUCAST); and mEs (22.6% amikacin using EUCAST).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical microbiology laboratories should improve their ability to determine the susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. to some antimicrobial agents to avoid reporting false-susceptible or false-resistant results. The greatest discrepancies and errors were associated with gradient diffusion, EUCAST breakpoints and some antimicrobials (mEs for aminoglycosides; MEs for fosfomycin, aminoglycosides and oxacillin; and VMEs for linezolid and oxacillin).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T22:13:39Z","timestamp":1610576019000},"page":"1187-1196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reporting antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance phenotypes in<i>Staphylococcus<\/i>spp.: a nationwide proficiency study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6597-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuenca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Cl\u00ednica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, 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