{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:40:22Z","timestamp":1791726022951,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017467","name":"Amplyx Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017467","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009930","name":"Basilea Pharmaceutica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cidara Therapeutics, F2G Ltd."},{"name":"Matinas BioPharma"},{"name":"Mundipharma, and SCYNEXIS Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a basis for clinical management decisions in Purpureocillium lilacinum infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unpublished cases of invasive P. lilacinum infection from the FungiScope\u00ae registry and all cases reported in the literature were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 101 cases with invasive P. lilacinum infection. Main predisposing factors were haematological and oncological diseases in 31 cases (30.7%), steroid treatment in 27 cases (26.7%), solid organ transplant in 26 cases (25.7%), and diabetes mellitus in 19 cases (18.8%). The most prevalent infection sites were skin (n\u200a=\u200a37\/101, 36.6%) and lungs (n\u200a=\u200a26\/101, 25.7%). Dissemination occurred in 22 cases (21.8%). Pain and fever were the most frequent symptoms (n\u200a=\u200a40\/101, 39.6% and n\u200a=\u200a34\/101, 33.7%, respectively). Diagnosis was established by culture in 98 cases (97.0%). P. lilacinum caused breakthrough infection in 10 patients (9.9%). Clinical isolates were frequently resistant to amphotericin B, whereas posaconazole and voriconazole showed good in vitro activity. Susceptibility to echinocandins varied considerably. Systemic antifungal treatment was administered in 90 patients (89.1%). Frequently employed antifungals were voriconazole in 51 (56.7%) and itraconazole in 26 patients (28.9%). Amphotericin B treatment was significantly associated with high mortality rates (n\u200a=\u200a13\/33, 39.4%, P\u2009=\u2009&amp;lt;0.001). Overall mortality was 21.8% (n\u200a=\u200a22\/101) and death was attributed to P. lilacinum infection in 45.5% (n\u200a=\u200a10\/22).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>P. lilacinum mainly presents as soft-tissue, pulmonary or disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. Owing to intrinsic resistance, accurate species identification and susceptibility testing are vital. Outcome is better in patients treated with triazoles compared with amphotericin B formulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T16:07:09Z","timestamp":1611850029000},"page":"1593-1603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Invasive infections with\n                    <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum<\/i>\n                    : clinical characteristics and outcome of 101 cases from FungiScope\u00ae and the literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2457-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanne","family":"Sprute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertan","family":"Sal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Chair Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xhorxha","family":"Malaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Chair Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"R\u00e1\u010dil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ruiz de Alegr\u00eda Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, 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Jyoti","family":"Kindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, SriRamachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur J","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, L'H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Clinical Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Hospital, Nuremberg, 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