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Two \u2018standard\u2019 models were developed with all baseline variables present and 10 others developed without HIV genotype, time on therapy, CD4 count or any combination of the above.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The standard classifier models achieved an AUC of 0.89 in cross-validation and independent testing. Models with missing variables achieved AUC values of 0.78\u20130.90. The standard absolute models made predictions that correlated significantly with observed changes in viral load with a mean absolute error of 0.65\u2009log10\u2009copies HIV RNA\/mL in cross-validation and 0.69\u2009log10\u2009copies HIV RNA\/mL in independent testing. Models with missing variables achieved values of 0.65\u20130.75\u2009log10\u2009copies HIV RNA\/mL. All models identified alternative regimens that were predicted to be effective for the vast majority of cases where the new regimen prescribed in the clinic failed. All models were significantly better predictors of treatment response than genotyping with rules-based interpretation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These latest models that predict treatment responses accurately, even when a number of baseline variables are not available, are a major advance with greatly enhanced potential benefit, particularly in resource-limited settings. The only obstacle to realizing this potential is the willingness of healthcare professions to use the system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T20:13:53Z","timestamp":1614629633000},"page":"1898-1906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["2021 update to HIV-TRePS: a highly flexible and accurate system for the prediction of treatment response from incomplete baseline information in different healthcare settings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Andrew D","family":"Revell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Resistance Response Database Initiative (RDI), London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dechao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Resistance Response Database Initiative (RDI), London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5700-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Jesus","family":"Perez-Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolphina","family":"Cogill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Tempelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ndlovu Care Group, Elandsdoorn, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-7896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raph L","family":"Hamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Global Health, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Global Health, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ard","family":"van Sighem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Agan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Henry M. 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