{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:56:30Z","timestamp":1782176190531,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Sciences Centre"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory"},{"name":"Ferrer Internacional"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current antimicrobial susceptibility\/resistance data versus skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) pathogens help to guide empirical treatment using topical antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the in vitro activity and resistance rates of fusidic acid, mupirocin, ozenoxacin and comparator agents against pathogens isolated from patients with SSTIs in Canada.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SSTI isolates of MSSA (n\u2009=\u2009422), MRSA (n\u2009=\u2009283) and Streptococcus pyogenes (n\u2009=\u200946) obtained from CANWARD 2007\u201318 were tested using CLSI broth microdilution. Fusidic acid low-level resistance was defined as an MIC of \u22652\u2009mg\/L and high-level resistance as an MIC \u2265512\u2009mg\/L. Mupirocin high-level resistance was defined as an MIC \u2265512\u2009mg\/L and low-level resistance was an MIC of 2\u2013256\u2009mg\/L.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low-level and high-level fusidic acid resistance in MSSA was 10.9% and 1.7%, respectively. Low-level and high-level fusidic acid resistance in MRSA was 10.6% and 3.5%, respectively. High-level mupirocin resistance was identified in 1.4% of MSSA and 14.1% of MRSA, respectively. Versus MSSA, ozenoxacin demonstrated MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.004 and 0.25\u2009mg\/L, respectively. Against MRSA, ozenoxacin inhibited all isolates at an MIC of \u22640.5\u2009mg\/L, including isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs &amp;gt;2\u2009mg\/L, clarithromycin-resistant, clindamycin-resistant, high-level fusidic acid-resistant and high-level mupirocin-resistant isolates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conclude that fusidic acid low-level resistance exceeded 10% for both MSSA and MRSA while fusidic acid high-level resistance was \u22643.5%. Mupirocin high-level resistance exceeded 10% in MRSA. Ozenoxacin is active versus SSTI pathogens including MRSA resistant to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, clindamycin, fusidic acid and mupirocin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T04:12:02Z","timestamp":1615522322000},"page":"1808-1814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> activity and resistance rates of topical antimicrobials fusidic acid, mupirocin and ozenoxacin against skin and soft tissue infection pathogens obtained across Canada (CANWARD 2007\u201318)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"George G","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather 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