{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:47:05Z","timestamp":1788918425446,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France"},{"name":"French national public health agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence of poxtA among clinical linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) collected in France from 2016 to 2020 and to extensively characterize its genetic supports and environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All LRE clinical isolates received at the National Reference Centre for Enterococci from French hospitals between 2016 and 2020 were included. LRE isolates were screened for linezolid resistance genes (cfr-like, optrA and poxtA) by real-time PCR and phenotypically characterized. A collection of 11 representative poxtA-positive isolates (10 Enterococcus faecium and 1 Enterococcus faecalis) underwent WGS by hybrid assembly combining short-read (Illumina MiSeq) and long-read (MinION) approaches. Transferability of poxtA was attempted by filter-mating experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 466 LRE received at the National Reference Centre for Enterococci over the period, 47 (10.1%) were poxtA-positive, including 42 E. faecium. The 11 isolates characterized by WGS were confirmed to be epidemiologically unrelated by core genome analysis and eight different STs were assigned to E. faecium isolates. The poxtA gene was found to be plasmid carried and flanked by IS1216E transposase genes in all isolates and frequently linked with fexB, tet(M) and tet(L). A total of seven distinct poxtA-harbouring plasmids were obtained after hybrid assembly and plasmid transfer of poxtA was successful in three cases. For the two poxtA\/optrA-positive isolates, those genes were carried by different plasmids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The poxtA gene has been circulating among clinical enterococci in France since at least 2016, mostly in E. faecium and independently from optrA. The poxtA-carrying plasmids often co-carried resistance genes to phenicols and tetracyclines, and could have been co-selected through their veterinary use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T16:11:05Z","timestamp":1616170265000},"page":"1978-1985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Genetic features of the\n                    <i>poxtA<\/i>\n                    linezolid resistance gene in human enterococci from France"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Loren","family":"Dejoies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1, Inserm U1230, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0527-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Sassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1, Inserm U1230, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sacha","family":"Schutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France"},{"name":"CHU Brest, Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire, Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Moreaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Zouari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"CNR de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associ\u00e9 \u2018Ent\u00e9rocoques\u2019), Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Potrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"CNR de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associ\u00e9 \u2018Ent\u00e9rocoques\u2019), Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"CNR de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associ\u00e9 \u2018Ent\u00e9rocoques\u2019), Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Lecourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"CNR de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associ\u00e9 \u2018Ent\u00e9rocoques\u2019), Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"CNR de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associ\u00e9 \u2018Ent\u00e9rocoques\u2019), Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Cattoir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Rennes, Service de Bact\u00e9riologie-Hygi\u00e8ne hospitali\u00e8re, Rennes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1, Inserm U1230, Rennes, France"},{"name":"CNR de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associ\u00e9 \u2018Ent\u00e9rocoques\u2019), Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021071609150312900_dkab116-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy344","article-title":"Temporal and geographic variation in antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance patterns of enterococci: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-2016","volume":"6 Suppl 1","author":"Pfaller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021071609150312900_dkab116-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.2154-2156.2001","article-title":"Resistance to linezolid: characterization of 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Microorganisms"},{"key":"2021071609150312900_dkab116-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa125","article-title":"Molecular and functional analysis of the novel cfr(D) linezolid resistance gene identified in Enterococcus faecium","volume":"75","author":"Guerin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021071609150312900_dkab116-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv116","article-title":"A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols and its presence in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021071609150312900_dkab116-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2019.03.025","article-title":"Development of a multiplex-PCR to simultaneously detect acquired linezolid resistance genes 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