{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:42:54Z","timestamp":1774316574376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV exposure to penile tissues provides a risk of acquisition among men, yet studies evaluating penile antiretroviral (ARV) drug distribution have been lacking. We measured ARVs on urethral and glans surface swabs collected following a dose of tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, elvitegravir, darunavir and cobicistat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-five HIV-negative male participants provided urethral swabs, glans swabs, rectal swabs, blood and urine up to 96\u2009h following a single dose of tenofovir alafenamide\/emtricitabine\/elvitegravir\/cobicistat and darunavir. ARVs were measured by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1\u2009ng\/swab for swabs and 10\u2009ng\/mL for plasma and urine. Concentrations are reported as median and range.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urethral swab emtricitabine and darunavir concentrations peaked at 4\u2009h for emtricitabine (36\u2009ng\/swab; 3\u2013307\u2009ng\/swab) and 8\u2009h for darunavir (25\u2009ng\/swab; 2\u201352\u2009ng\/swab). Glans swab emtricitabine and darunavir concentrations peaked 24\u2009h after dosing (emtricitabine 14\u2009ng\/swab, &amp;lt;LOD\u2013328\u2009ng\/swab; darunavir 6\u2009ng\/swab, &amp;lt;LOD\u2013149\u2009ng\/swab). Estimated peak urethral secretion emtricitabine and darunavir concentrations are between 10 and 20\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, similar to rectal secretions, 4-fold greater than in plasma, but 2-fold lower than in urine. Tenofovir and elvitegravir were detected on less than 20% of urethral or glans swabs collected within 24\u2009h of dosing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We document ARV dosing in the urethra and on the glans surface with high drug concentrations noted for emtricitabine and darunavir and lower tenofovir and elvitegravir concentrations. Data suggest a potential protective role of urethral emtricitabine or darunavir against penile HIV acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T17:56:56Z","timestamp":1619114216000},"page":"2368-2374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antiretroviral drug exposure in urethral and glans surface sampling of the penis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard E.","family":"Haaland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Fountain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuong","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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