{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1791005763291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de recherche sur le SIDA et les h\u00e9patites virales (ANRS)-Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multivariable baseline factor analysis across cabotegravir\u200a+\u200arilpivirine clinical trials showed that HIV-1 subtypes A6\/A1 and the presence of rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were associated with an increased risk of virological failure of this dual therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of genotypic baseline risk factors for cabotegravir\u200a+\u200arilpivirine failure among ARV-naive patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2010 to 2020, 4212 sequences from ARV-naive patients were collected from three large Parisian academic hospital genotypic databases. Cabotegravir and rilpivirine RAMs were defined according to the ANRS algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 4212 ARV-naive patients, 38.6% were infected with subtype B, 32.4% with CRF02_AG (32.4%) and 5.1% with subtype A (85.5% being A6\/A1 subtype). Overall, the presence of at least one cabotegravir or rilpivirine RAM was 16.2% and 14.3%, respectively. Considering genotypic resistance interpretation, using the ANRS algorithm, 0.74% (n\u200a=\u200a31), 6.2% (n\u200a=\u200a261) and 0.09% (n\u200a=\u200a4) of sequences were resistant to cabotegravir, rilpivirine or both, respectively. The overall prevalence of L74I in integrase and E138A in RT was 13.0% and 3.2%, respectively, and stable over the decade. Thus, adding 183 subtype A6\/A1 sequences to 244 sequences interpreted as resistant to rilpivirine led to 427 (10.1%) sequences combining both baseline virological risk factors for cabotegravir\u200a+\u200arilpivirine dual-therapy failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among large sequence databases, when adding prevalence of rilpivirine-resistant viruses and HIV-1 subtype A6\/A1 sequences, 10.1% of patients would not be eligible for cabotegravir\u200a+\u200arilpivirine dual therapy. These data re-emphasize the need for a pre-therapeutic genotypic resistance test to detect polymorphisms and transmitted drug resistance and to define HIV-1 subtype.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1621048501000},"page":"2983-2987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of genotypic baseline risk factors for cabotegravir\u200a+\u200arilpivirine failure among ARV-naive patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Charpentier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Storto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathia","family":"Souli\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2014Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentine Marie","family":"Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Wirden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2014Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Joly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidonie","family":"Lambert-Niclot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Laboratoire de Virologie, INSERM-Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Palich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM-Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Morand-Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Laboratoire de Virologie, INSERM-Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Landman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Lacombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, CHU Saint-Antoine, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM-Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Katlama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM-Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Marcelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2014Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Calvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2014Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Descamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 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