{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:17:36Z","timestamp":1790799456770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["713660\u2014PRONKJEWAIL\u2014H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["713660\u2014PRONKJEWAIL\u2014H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The use of (val)ganciclovir is complicated by toxicity, slow response to treatment and acquired resistance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate a routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) programme for ganciclovir in a transplant patient population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n An observational study was performed in transplant recipients from June 2018 to February 2020. Dose adjustments were advised by the TDM pharmacist as part of clinical care. For prophylaxis, a trough concentration (Cmin) of 1\u20132\u2009mg\/L and an AUC24h of &gt;50\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L were aimed for. For treatment, a Cmin of 2\u20134\u2009mg\/L and an AUC24h of 80\u2013120\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L were aimed for.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Ninety-five solid organ and stem cell transplant patients were enrolled. Overall, 450 serum concentrations were measured; with a median of 3 (IQR\u2009=\u20092\u20136) per patient. The median Cmin and AUC24h in the treatment and prophylaxis groups were 2.0\u2009mg\/L and 90\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L and 0.9\u2009mg\/L and 67\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L, respectively. Significant intra- and inter-patient patient variability was observed. The majority of patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of more than 120\u2009mL\/min\/1.73 m2 and patients on continuous veno-venous haemofiltration showed underexposure. The highest Cmin and AUC24h values were associated with the increase in liver function markers and decline in WBC count as compared with baseline.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study revealed that a standard weight and kidney function-based dosing regimen resulted in highly variable ganciclovir Cmin and under- and over-exposure were observed in patients on dialysis and in patients with increased renal function. Clearly there is a need to explore the impact of concentration-guided dose adjustments in a prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1621580938000},"page":"2356-2363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Ganciclovir therapeutic drug monitoring in transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6478-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Grete","family":"M\u00e4rtson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela E.","family":"Edwina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G. M.","family":"Burgerhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan P.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoek","family":"de Joode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Damman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik A. M.","family":"Verschuuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Blokzijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lambert F.","family":"Span","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjip S.","family":"van der Werf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan J.","family":"Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke G. 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