{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:21:36Z","timestamp":1762341696913},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust of Great Britain"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Research Fellowship","award":["1104975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1104975"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship","award":["215515\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215515\/Z\/19\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The clinical response to ceftriaxone in patients with typhoid fever is significantly slower than with ofloxacin, despite infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates with similar susceptibilities (MIC 0.03\u20130.12\u2009mg\/L). The response to ofloxacin is slower if the isolate has intermediate susceptibility (MIC 0.25\u20131.0\u2009mg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the bactericidal activity and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of ceftriaxone and ofloxacin against S. Typhi.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean time to reach a 99.9% reduction in log10 count (bactericidal activity) and PAE of ceftriaxone and ofloxacin were determined for 18 clinical isolates of S. Typhi in time\u2013kill experiments (MIC range for ofloxacin 0.06\u20131.0\u2009mg\/L and for ceftriaxone 0.03\u20130.12\u2009mg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean (SD) bactericidal activity of ofloxacin was 33.1 (15.2) min and 384.4 (60) min for ceftriaxone. After a 30\u2009min exposure to ofloxacin, the mean (SD) duration of PAE was 154.7 (52.6) min. There was no detectable PAE after 1\u2009h of exposure to ceftriaxone. For ofloxacin, bactericidal activity and PAE did not significantly differ between isolates with full or intermediate susceptibility provided ofloxacin concentrations were maintained at 4\u00d7MIC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infections with S. Typhi with intermediate ofloxacin susceptibility may respond to doses that maintain ofloxacin concentrations at 4\u00d7MIC at the site of infection. The slow bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone and absent PAE may explain the slow clinical response in typhoid.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T11:07:32Z","timestamp":1623755252000},"page":"2606-2609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bactericidal activities and post-antibiotic effects of ofloxacin and ceftriaxone against drug-resistant <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i> serovar Typhi"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Wain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vo Van Kiet, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie 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