{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:49:36Z","timestamp":1759160976970,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jamaican Ministry of Health and Wellness, 2016"},{"name":"WHO, 2017"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To quantitatively determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from men with urethral discharge in Jamaica and to describe the syndromic treatment therapies administered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urethral eSwabs (Copan) were collected from 175 men presenting with urethral discharge to the Comprehensive Health Centre STI Clinic, Kingston, Jamaica. Clinical information was collected and MICs of eight antimicrobials were determined for N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n\u2009=\u200996) using Etest and interpreted using CLSI criteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The median age of the subjects was 28\u2009years (range: 18\u201373\u2009years) with a median of 2 sexual partners (range: 1\u201325) per male in the previous 3\u2009months. All examined N. gonorrhoeae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone (96\/96), azithromycin (91\/91), cefixime (91\/91) and spectinomycin (91\/91). For ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, respectively, 98.9% (91\/92) and 91.3% (84\/92) of the isolates were susceptible and 1.1% (1\/92) and 8.7% (8\/92) showed intermediate susceptibility\/resistance. For tetracycline and benzylpenicillin, respectively, 38.0% (35\/92) and 22.0% (20\/91) of the isolates were susceptible, 52.2% (48\/92) and 74.7% (68\/91) showed intermediate susceptibility\/resistance and 9.8% (9\/92) and 3.3% (3\/91) were resistant. Syndromic treatment was administered as follows: 93.1% received 250\u2009mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly plus 100\u2009mg of doxycycline orally q12h for 1\u20132\u2009weeks and 6.9% received 500\u2009mg of ciprofloxacin orally plus 100\u2009mg of doxycycline orally q12h for 1\u2009week.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ceftriaxone (250\u2009mg) remains appropriate for gonorrhoea treatment in the examined population of men in Kingston, Jamaica. Surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae AMR should be expanded in Jamaica and other Caribbean countries to guide evidence-based treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T19:52:47Z","timestamp":1631649167000},"page":"218-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> isolates and syndromic treatment of men with urethral discharge in Kingston, Jamaica, 2018\u201319"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Suzette M","family":"Cameron-McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey J","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia M","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Centre STI Clinic, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrington O","family":"De La Haye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Centre STI Clinic, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise H E","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Centre STI Clinic, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violet M","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Centre STI Clinic, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glendee Y","family":"Reynolds-Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille-Ann A","family":"Thoms-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen J","family":"Roye-Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nakeisha","family":"Otto-Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra N","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI\/TB Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston, Jamaica"},{"name":"Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Skyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI\/TB Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, \u00d6rebro University and University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua J","family":"Anzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Workowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32833a8844","article-title":"Contribution of sexually transmitted infections to the sexual transmission of HIV","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","article-title":"From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection","volume":"75","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st century: past, evolution, and future","volume":"27","author":"Unemo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"year":"2016","key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B6"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002344","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action","volume":"14","author":"Wi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19023","article-title":"World Health Organization Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (WHO GASP): review of new data and evidence to inform international collaborative actions and research efforts","volume":"16","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B9","first-page":"228","article-title":"Decrease in the incidence of tetracycline resistance in strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the nineties","volume":"52","author":"Bodonaik","year":"2003","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"year":"2020","key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B10"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw288","article-title":"The novel 2016 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations: phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization","volume":"71","author":"Unemo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181bf575c","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility in Lilongwe, Malawi, 2007","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000587","article-title":"Resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from 7 countries of South America and the Caribbean: 2010-2011","volume":"44","author":"Thakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000187231.28812.29","article-title":"Challenges in the control of gonorrhea in South America and the Caribbean: monitoring the development of resistance to antibiotics","volume":"33","author":"Dillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200109000-00006","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from three Caribbean countries: Trinidad, Guyana, and St. Vincent","volume":"28","author":"Dillon","year":"2001","journal-title":". Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199505000-00004","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Kingston, Jamaica: 1990-1991","volume":"22","author":"Knapp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"year":"1993","author":"Brathwaite","key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B17"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051716","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Puerto Rico","volume":"91","author":"Scharbaai-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182631c9f","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility trends (2000-2009) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from countries in Latin America and the Caribbean shows evolving resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone","volume":"39","author":"Starnino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"year":"2019","key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B20"},{"year":"2016","key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B21"},{"key":"2022010520145248700_dkab340-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.117","article-title":"Emergence of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and untreatable gonorrhea","volume":"7","author":"Unemo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/77\/1\/218\/41931273\/dkab340.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/77\/1\/218\/41931273\/dkab340.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T20:16:10Z","timestamp":1641413770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/77\/1\/218\/6374798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkab340","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0305-7453"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1460-2091"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]}}}