{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:41:52Z","timestamp":1789533712090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) DECRA fellowship","award":["DE200100111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE200100111"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Discover Project","award":["DP180100474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP180100474"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the genetic context of genes conferring antibiotic resistance on the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Cl415, recovered in 2017 at El Youssef Hospital Centre in Akkar Governorate, North Lebanon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic resistance phenotype for 22 antibiotics was determined using disc diffusion or MIC determination. The whole-genome sequence of Cl415 was determined using a combination of the Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore (MinION) platforms. Complete genome was assembled using Unicycler and antibiotic resistance determinants and ISs were identified using ResFinder and ISFinder, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cl415 is a global clone 2 (GC2) strain and belongs to the most common STs of this clone, ST2IP and ST218OX. Cl415 is resistant to several antibiotics, including aminoglycosides and carbapenems to a high level. Genomic analysis of Cl415 revealed that it carries four chromosomal AbaR4 copies. One copy was found in the comM gene replacing the AbGRI1 island. Cl415 also contains a novel variant of AbGRI2, herein called AbGRI2-15, carrying only the blaTEM and aphA1 resistance genes. Cl415 belongs to a subclade of GC2 strains that appear to have diverged recently with a wide geographical distribution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The resistance gene complement of Cl415 was found in the chromosome with four oxa23 located in AbaR4 copies and the remaining genes in a novel variant of the AbGRI2 resistance island. Cl415 was isolated in Lebanon, but phylogenetic analysis suggests that Cl415 represents a new lineage with global distribution within GC2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T19:48:12Z","timestamp":1634154492000},"page":"345-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cl415, a carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i> isolate containing four AbaR4 and a new variant of AbGRI2, represents a novel global clone 2 strain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Liepa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riti","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Microbiologie Sant\u00e9 et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monzer","family":"Hamze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Microbiologie Sant\u00e9 et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2957-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy","family":"Gunawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hamidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021008141814500_dkab399-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398388","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii: evolution of antimicrobial resistance-treatment 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